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Synthesis and characterization of chitosan pyridyl imine palladium (CPIP) complex as green catalyst for organic transformations

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Abstract

In this work, the modification of chitosan using 2-acetyl pyridine has been used to prepare an intermediate, chitosan pyridyl imine (CPI), in first step and then in second step it is further reacted with Pd(OAc)2 to develop chitosan pyridyl imine palladium (CPIP) complex catalyst in a very simplistic way. The formed CPIP has been extensively characterized with respect to raw chitosan utilizing methods including FT-IR, pyrolysis GC–MS, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, EDS, TGA-DTG and DSC. TG-DSC study suggested that the catalyst is thermally stable up to 300 °C. This catalyst shows an excellent activity in the reduction of toxic pollutant nitrobenzene to less toxic aniline. CPIP complex has also been found to give magnificent results in Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck cross-coupling reactions, and therefore, using this green catalyst, the toxic phosphine ligand can be excluded from cross-coupling reactions. This study furnishes an economic and eco-friendly catalyst for organic transformation in sustainable chemistry.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to SAIF, Punjab University, Chandigarh for characterization like SEM, TEM, FT-IR and XRD. We are also thankful to CECRI, Karaikudi, for XPS. Authors are also thankful R &D, BKT tyre for py (GC-MS), TG-DTG, DSC, nitrogen adsorption and FT-IR for analyses.

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Author notes

  1. Narendra Singh Chundawat and Sultan Pathan have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bhupal Nobles’University, Udaipur, 313001, India

    Narendra Singh Chundawat, Sultan Pathan, Girdhar Pal Singh & Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan

  2. Balakrishna Industries Lt (BKT), Bhuj, Gujrat, India

    Arup Saha Deuri

  3. School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA

    Payam Zarrintaj

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  1. Narendra Singh Chundawat
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  2. Sultan Pathan
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Chundawat, N.S., Pathan, S., Singh, G.P. et al. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan pyridyl imine palladium (CPIP) complex as green catalyst for organic transformations. Chem. Pap. 75, 2835–2850 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01526-w

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