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Multivariate optimization of the hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction of lead in human blood and urine samples using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

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Abstract

The present study developed a liquid-phase microextraction based on hollow fiber coupled with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the effective extraction and quantitation of lead from urine and blood samples. A multivariate design was used for the optimization of the experimental conditions to ensure high extraction efficiency. Six factors (solvent type, chelating agent, time extraction, temperature, donor phase pH, and acceptor phase pH) were obtained by screening eleven factors of the Plackett–Burman design; these were optimized using the central composite design of response surface methodology. The optimum conditions of donor phase pH, acceptor phase pH, temperature, and extraction time were 5, 9.5, 40 °C, and 120 min, respectively. In addition, oleic acid containing dicyclohexyl-18-krone-6 was used for the membrane phase. Under optimal conditions, the enrichment factor, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were obtained in the ranges of 21.3–18.7, 0.001–0.002 ng mL−1, and 0.008–0.01 ng mL−1, respectively, in urine and blood samples. The linearity of the calibration curve was established for the concentration of Pb in the range of 1–50 ng mL−1 (r2 = 0.9983). Finally, the performance of the developed method was evaluated for the determination of lead in urine and blood samples, and satisfactory results were obtained (RSDs < 10% with recovery > 95).

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Vice-chancellor for Research and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (Grant number 9511196959) postgraduate merit award. The authors would like to thank the center for this financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Excellence Centre of Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran

    Samaneh Salari, Abdulrahman Bahrami & Farshid Ghorbani Shahna

  2. Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

    Farhad Ghamari

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  1. Samaneh Salari
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  2. Abdulrahman Bahrami
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  3. Farhad Ghamari
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  4. Farshid Ghorbani Shahna
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Correspondence to Abdulrahman Bahrami.

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Salari, S., Bahrami, A., Ghamari, F. et al. Multivariate optimization of the hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction of lead in human blood and urine samples using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Chem. Pap. 72, 1945–1952 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0435-5

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