Abstract
Desalination is priority in process water treatment and several different technologies can be applied to minimize the total salinity of water. Our aim was to study desalination and simultaneous elimination of heavy metal residues from process waters. Nanofiltration (NF) and electrodialysis (ED) treatment technologies were applied for high salinity model solutions and high salinity, heavy metal containing real process waters originating from electroplating industry. Efficiencies of two technologies were compared in respect to salt and heavy metal removal both for model solutions (NaCl and Na2SO4) and three real process water samples. Initial concentrations of model solutions chosen accordingly the most common process water salt composition. Both technologies showed similar efficiency of heavy metal (Ni2+ and Cu2+) removal; however, they provide different demineralization rates, rejection, and extraction percentage for sodium and chloride ions. ED experiments of model solutions showed complete desalination after 1 h operating time at 6 V applied voltage; on the other hand, the increasing conductivities of NF permeates verified the selectivity of NF membrane, therefore, representing partial desalination. These phenomena were confirmed by demineralisation rate values as well (NF: for NaCl: 41.5–66.6%, for Na2SO4: > 96.6%; ED: both for NaCl and Na2SO4 > 98%). Significantly. higher demineralisation rates were achieved by ED (37.3–99.2%) than NF (20.2–62.3%) during the treatment of real process waters. We successfully demonstrated that ED is more efficient for simultaneous salt and heavy metal removal for process waters originating of electroplating industry.
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Acknowledgements
The project presented in this article is supported by the REDEL Elektronika Kft. (LEMO Group). Authors are grateful for Viktória Horváth for her help in execution of NF experiments. Edit Cséfalvay is grateful for the financial support of János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
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Torma, C.Z., Cséfalvay, E. Nanofiltration and electrodialysis: alternatives in heavy metal containing high salinity process water treatment. Chem. Pap. 72, 1115–1124 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0433-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0433-7