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Degradation of azithromycin using Ti/RuO2 anode as catalyst followed by DPV, HPLC–UV and MS analysis

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Abstract

The electrodegradation of azithromycin was studied by its indirect oxidation using dimensionally stable Ti/RuO2 anode as catalyst in the electrolyte containing methanol, 0.05 M NaHCO3, sodium chloride and deionized water. The optimal conditions for galvanostatic electrodegradation for the azithromycin concentration of 0.472 mg cm−3 were found to be NaCl concentration of 7 mg cm−3 and the applied current of 300 mA. The differential pulse voltammetry using glassy carbon electrode was performed for the first time in the above-mentioned content of electrolyte for the nine concentration of azithromycin (0.075–0.675 mg cm−3) giving the limits of azithromycin detection and of quantification as: LOD 0.044 mg cm−3 and LOQ 0.145 mg cm−3. The calibration curve was constructed enabling the electrolyte analysis during its electrodegradation process. The electrolyte was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The electrooxidation products were identified and after 180 min there was no azithromycin in the electrolyte while TOC analysis showed that 79% of azithromycin was mineralized. The proposed degradation scheme is presented.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant Nos. ON172013 and ON172060).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Kristina D. Radosavljević, Dušan Ž. Mijin & Slobodan D. Petrović

  2. ICTM-Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Jelena D. Lović & Milka L. Avramov Ivić

  3. ICTM-Center for Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Milka B. Jadranin

  4. Hemofarm A. D., Stada Company, Vrsac, Serbia

    Aleksandar R. Mladenović

Authors
  1. Kristina D. Radosavljević
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  2. Jelena D. Lović
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  3. Dušan Ž. Mijin
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  4. Slobodan D. Petrović
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  5. Milka B. Jadranin
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  6. Aleksandar R. Mladenović
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  7. Milka L. Avramov Ivić
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Correspondence to Milka L. Avramov Ivić.

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Radosavljević, K.D., Lović, J.D., Mijin, D.Ž. et al. Degradation of azithromycin using Ti/RuO2 anode as catalyst followed by DPV, HPLC–UV and MS analysis. Chem. Pap. 71, 1217–1224 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-016-0115-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-016-0115-2

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