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Ghrelin and Apolipoprotein AIV Levels Show Opposite Trends to Leptin Levels During Weight Loss in Morbidly Obese Patients

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Abstract

Background

Although bariatric surgery is the most common procedure used to induce weight loss in morbidly obese patients, its effect on plasma satiety factors (leptin, ghrelin, and apolipoprotein (apo)-AIV) is controversial. The aim of this work was to analyze these parameters before and at different times after surgery.

Methods

Plasma was obtained from 34 patients before undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and during weight loss in the 12 months following surgery.

Results

Morbidly obese patients had significantly higher values (147%) of leptin than normal-weight (NW) persons, while their ghrelin levels were 46% less than NW. Apo-AIV levels had approximately the same value in both groups (obese and NW). During weight loss, leptin decreased by 75% and ghrelin increased by 78%. Both parameters reached values less than or near NW, respectively, at 1 year after surgery. During the first month after surgery, apo-AIV plasma levels decreased (47%) but later increased and finally returned to preoperative values. Apo-AIV levels were correlated negatively with leptin and positively with ghrelin. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were positively correlated with those of ghrelin and apo-AIV.

Conclusions

During weight loss, plasma leptin and ghrelin could be good markers of total fat decrease. Ghrelin could also indicate gastric mucous improvement, whereas apo-AIV could indicate the recovery of intestinal function. Changes produced in the HDL levels of morbidly obese patients during weight loss suggest a decreased risk of coronary disease.

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Abbreviations

HOMA-IR:

homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance

NEFA:

nonesterified fatty acid

TC:

total cholesterol

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Funding Source

This research was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Instituto de Salud Carlos III of the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo (PI030042, PI030024, and PI0700079). Both R. Llamas and E. Pardina were awarded grants from this institution.

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English grammar and language have been corrected by American Journal Experts (https://doi.org/www.journalexperts.com).

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The authors declare that no conflict of interest exists.

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Correspondence to J. Peinado-Onsurbe.

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Pardina, E., López-Tejero, M.D., Llamas, R. et al. Ghrelin and Apolipoprotein AIV Levels Show Opposite Trends to Leptin Levels During Weight Loss in Morbidly Obese Patients. OBES SURG 19, 1414–1423 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-008-9793-3

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