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Neural correlates of verbal memory in youth with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure

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Abstract

Prenatal alcohol exposure can impact both brain development and neurobehavioral function, including verbal learning and recall, although the relation between verbal recall and brain structure in this population has not been examined fully. We aimed to determine the structural neural correlates of verbal learning and recall in youth with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure using a region of interest (ROI) approach. As part of an ongoing multisite project, subjects (age 10–16 years) with prenatal alcohol exposure (AE, n = 81) and controls (CON, n = 81) were tested using the CVLT-C and measures of cortical volume, surface area, and thickness as well as hippocampal volume were derived from MRI. Group differences in brain and memory indices were tested with ANOVA. Multiple regression analyses tested whether brain ROIs significantly predicted memory performance. The AE group had lower scores than the CON group on all CVLT-C variables (ps ≤ .001) and volume and surface area (ps < .025), although results varied by ROI. No group differences in cortical thickness were found. The relations between cortical structure and memory performance differed between group among some ROIs, particularly those in the frontal cortex, generally with smaller surface area and/or thinner cortex predicting better performance in CON but worse performance in AE. Cortical surface area appears to be the most sensitive index to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, while cortical thickness appears to be the least sensitive. These findings also indicate that the neural correlates of verbal memory are altered in youth with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure compared to controls.

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Abbreviations

FASD:

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

FAS:

Fetal alcohol syndrome

CVLT-C:

California Verbal Learning Test- Children’s Version

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Acknowledgements

All or part of this work was done in conjunction with the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (CIFASD), which is funded by grants from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Additional information about CIFASD can be found at www.cifasd.org.

The authors thank the families that participate in our research studies and acknowledge the support of the Center for Behavioral Teratology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6330 Alvarado Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA

    Lauren A. Gross, Eileen M. Moore, Edward P. Riley & Sarah N. Mattson

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West, 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA

    Jeffrey R. Wozniak

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA

    Claire D. Coles

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA

    Claire D. Coles & Julie A. Kable

  5. Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Mailstop #130, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA

    Elizabeth R. Sowell

  6. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0828, USA

    Kenneth L. Jones

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Correspondence to Sarah N. Mattson.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [grant numbers U01 AA014834 and U01 AA017122]. Additional support provided by U01 AA014815, and U01 AA014811 and K99/R00 AA022661.

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The work described in this paper was approved by the institutional review boards at San Diego State University, the University of California, San Diego, and all participating data collection locations.

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Gross, L.A., Moore, E.M., Wozniak, J.R. et al. Neural correlates of verbal memory in youth with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Brain Imaging and Behavior 12, 806–822 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-017-9739-2

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