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Multiple resting state network functional connectivity abnormalities in mild traumatic brain injury

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Abstract

Several reports show that traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in abnormalities in the coordinated activation among brain regions. Because most previous studies examined moderate/severe TBI, the extensiveness of functional connectivity abnormalities and their relationship to postconcussive complaints or white matter microstructural damage are unclear in mild TBI. This study characterized widespread injury effects on multiple integrated neural networks typically observed during a task-unconstrained “resting state” in mild TBI patients. Whole brain functional connectivity for twelve separate networks was identified using independent component analysis (ICA) of fMRI data collected from thirty mild TBI patients mostly free of macroscopic intracerebral injury and thirty demographically-matched healthy control participants. Voxelwise group comparisons found abnormal mild TBI functional connectivity in every brain network identified by ICA, including visual processing, motor, limbic, and numerous circuits believed to underlie executive cognition. Abnormalities not only included functional connectivity deficits, but also enhancements possibly reflecting compensatory neural processes. Postconcussive symptom severity was linked to abnormal regional connectivity within nearly every brain network identified, particularly anterior cingulate. A recently developed multivariate technique that identifies links between whole brain profiles of functional and anatomical connectivity identified several novel mild TBI abnormalities, and represents a potentially important new tool in the study of the complex neurobiological sequelae of TBI.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by a Hartford Hospital Open Competition Grant.

Conflict of interest

The authors report they have no conflicts of interest with this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, The Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA

    Michael C. Stevens & Suzanne T. Witt

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Michael C. Stevens

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA

    David Lovejoy, Howard Oakes & Inam Kureshi

  4. Department of Emergency Medicine & Traumatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA

    David Lovejoy & Howard Oakes

  5. Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Jinsuh Kim

  6. Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA

    Inam Kureshi

  7. Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center/The Institute of Living, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA

    Michael C. Stevens

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  1. Michael C. Stevens
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  2. David Lovejoy
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  3. Jinsuh Kim
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Correspondence to Michael C. Stevens.

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Table S1

Brain regions comprising each of the twelve non-artifactual ICA components detected during eyes-open “resting state.” The table lists brain peak x, y, z coordinates in MNI stereotactic space for each separate brain region, anatomical labels, and t statistic from the one-sample t test that determined spatial structure of each functionally-connected network. Results were thresholded at p < .05 FWE correcting for searching the whole brain (25 contiguous voxels). The direction of the t statistics (+ or −) indicates whether that brain region showed positive- or negative-going BOLD signal change. (DOCX 29 kb)

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Stevens, M.C., Lovejoy, D., Kim, J. et al. Multiple resting state network functional connectivity abnormalities in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Imaging and Behavior 6, 293–318 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-012-9157-4

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