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Analysis of the changes in forest ecosystem functions, structure and composition in the Black Sea region of Turkey

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Abstract

We used geographical information system to analyze changes in forest ecosystem functions, structure and composition in a typical department of forest management area consisting of four forest management planning units in Turkey. To assess these effects over a 25 year period we compiled data from three forest management plans that were made in 1986, 2001 and 2011. Temporal changes in forest ecosystem functions were estimated based on the three pillars of forest sustainability: economics, ecology and socio-culture. We assessed a few indicators such as land-use and forest cover, forest types, tree species, development stage, stand age classes, crown closure, growing stock and its increment, and timber biomass. The results of the case study suggested a shift in forest values away from economic values toward ecological and socio-cultural values over last two planning periods. Forest ecosystem structure improved, due mainly to increasing forest area, decreasing non-forest areas (especially in settlement and agricultural areas), forestation on forest openings, rehabilitation of degraded forests, conversion of even-aged forests to uneven-aged forests and conversion of coppice forests to high forests with greater growing stock increments. There were also favorable changes in forest management planning approaches.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Forestry, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18100, Çankırı, Turkey

    Sedat Keleş

  2. Faculty of Forestry, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey

    İdris Durusoy

  3. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gümüşhane University, 29100, Gümüşhane, Turkey

    Günay Çakir

Authors
  1. Sedat Keleş
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  2. İdris Durusoy
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  3. Günay Çakir
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sedat Keleş.

Additional information

Project funding: This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No. 1120253).

The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com

Corresponding editor: Zhu Hong

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Keleş, S., Durusoy, İ. & Çakir, G. Analysis of the changes in forest ecosystem functions, structure and composition in the Black Sea region of Turkey. J. For. Res. 28, 329–342 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-016-0322-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-016-0322-2

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