Skip to main content
Log in

Revealing the Selection of σ and μ Phases in CoCrFeNiMox High Entropy Alloys by CALPHAD

  • Published:
Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Though the strengthening effect of σ and μ phases in CoCrFeNiMox high entropy alloys has been confirmed, the selection of these two phases remains unclear, which restricts the further strengthening design. In this study, microstructures and phase compositions of CoCrFeNiMox (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) alloys were investigated through annealing at 600, 750, 900, 1000 °C for 7 days and 1080 °C for 3 days, respectively. Based on the experiment results, a (CoCrFeNi)-Mo phase selection diagram was drawn and compared with the calculated isopleth phase diagram of (CoCrFeNi)-Mo. The results indicate that the selection of σ and μ phases depends on the content of Mo greatly. Due to the limited prediction of phase selection and transformation by the isopleth phase diagram of (CoCrFeNi)-Mo, we design a (CoFeNi)-Mo-Cr isothermal phase diagram to reveal the transformation between σ and μ phases and their selections.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J.W. Yeh, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.Y. Gan, T.S. Chin, T.T. Shun, C.H. Tsau, and S.Y. Chang, Nanostructured High-Entropy Alloys with Multiple Principal Elements: Novel Alloy Design Concepts and Outcomes, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2004, 6(5), p 299-303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. B. Gludovatz, A. Hohenwarter, D. Catoor, E.H. Chang, E.P. George, and R.O. Ritchie, A Fracture-Resistant High-Entropy Alloy for Cryogenic Applications, Science, 2014, 345(6201), p 1153-1158

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. B. Gludovatz, A. Hohenwarter, K.V. Thurston, H. Bei, Z. Wu, E.P. George, and R.O. Ritchie, Exceptional Damage-Tolerance of a Medium-Entropy Alloy CrCoNi at Cryogenic Temperatures, Nat Commun, 2016, 7, p 10602

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. W.H. Liu, Z.P. Lu, J.Y. He, J.H. Luan, Z.J. Wang, B. Liu, Y. Liu, M.W. Chen, and C.T. Liu, Ductile CoCrFeNiMox High Entropy Alloys Strengthened by Hard Intermetallic Phases, Acta Mater., 2016, 116, p 332-342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. F. Granberg, K. Nordlund, M.W. Ullah, K. Jin, C. Lu, H. Bei, L. Wang, F. Djurabekova, W. Weber, and Y. Zhang, Mechanism of Radiation Damage Reduction in Equiatomic Multicomponent Single Phase Alloys, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2016, 116(13), p 135504

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. M.-H. Tsai, C.-W. Wang, C.-W. Tsai, W.-J. Shen, J.-W. Yeh, J.-Y. Gan, and W.-W. Wu, Thermal Stability and Performance of NbSiTaTiZr High-Entropy Alloy Barrier for Copper Metallization, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2011, 158(11), p H1161-H1165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Lu, X. Gao, L. Jiang, Z. Chen, T. Wang, J. Jie, H. Kang, Y. Zhang, S. Guo, and H. Ruan, Directly Cast Bulk Eutectic and Near-Eutectic High Entropy Alloys with Balanced Strength and Ductility in a Wide Temperature Range, Acta Mater., 2017, 124, p 143-150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Gali and E.P. George, Tensile Properties of High- and Medium-Entropy Alloys, Intermetallics, 2013, 39, p 74-78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. H.-P. Chou, Y.-S. Chang, S.-K. Chen, and J.-W. Yeh, Microstructure, Thermophysical and Electrical Properties in AlxCoCrFeNi (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) High-Entropy Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., B, 2009, 163(3), p 184-189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. W.-R. Wang, W.-L. Wang, S.-C. Wang, Y.-C. Tsai, C.-H. Lai, and J.-W. Yeh, Effects of Al Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of AlxCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys, Intermetallics, 2012, 26, p 44-51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Y.-F. Kao, T.-J. Chen, S.-K. Chen, and J.-W. Yeh, Microstructure and Mechanical Property of As-Cast,-Homogenized, and-Deformed AlxCoCrFeNi (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) High-Entropy Alloys, J. Alloy. Compd., 2009, 488(1), p 57-64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. W. Liu, J. He, H. Huang, H. Wang, Z. Lu, and C. Liu, Effects of Nb Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys, Intermetallics, 2015, 60, p 1-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. F. He, Z. Wang, P. Cheng, Q. Wang, J. Li, Y. Dang, J. Wang, and C.T. Liu, Designing Eutectic High Entropy Alloys of CoCrFeNiNbx, J. Alloy. Compd., 2016, 656, p 284-289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. F. He, Z. Wang, S. Niu, Q. Wu, J. Li, J. Wang, C.T. Liu, and Y. Dang, Strengthening the CoCrFeNiNb0.25 High Entropy Alloy by FCC Precipitate, J. Alloy. Compd., 2016, 667, p 53-57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. T.-T. Shun, L.-Y. Chang, and M.-H. Shiu, Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Multiprincipal Component CoCrFeNiTix Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2012, 556, p 170-174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. L. Jiang, Y. Lu, Y. Dong, T. Wang, Z. Cao, and T. Li, Annealing Effects on the Microstructure and Properties of Bulk High-Entropy CoCrFeNiTi0.5 Alloy Casting Ingot, Intermetallics, 2014, 44, p 37-43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. T.-T. Shun, L.-Y. Chang, and M.-H. Shiu, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multiprincipal Component CoCrFeNiMox alloys, Mater. Charact., 2012, 70, p 63-67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. T.-T. Shun, L.-Y. Chang, and M.-H. Shiu, Age-Hardening of the CoCrFeNiMo0.85 High-Entropy Alloy, Mater. Charact., 2013, 81, p 92-96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. B. Cai, B. Liu, S. Kabra, Y. Wang, K. Yan, P.D. Lee, and Y. Liu, Deformation Mechanisms of Mo Alloyed FeCoCrNi High Entropy Alloy: In Situ Neutron Diffraction, Acta Mater., 2017, 127, p 471-480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Wang, Y. Liu, B. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Cao, T. Li, and R. Zhou, Flow Behavior and Microstructures of Powder Metallurgical CrFeCoNiMo0.2 High Entropy Alloy During High Temperature Deformation, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2017, 689, p 233-242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. W. Wu, L. Guo, B. Liu, S. Ni, Y. Liu, and M. Song, Effects of Torsional Deformation on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a CoCrFeNiMo0.15 High-Entropy Alloy, Philos. Mag., 2017, 97, p 3229–3245

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Y.S. Na, N.K. Park, and R.C. Reed, Sigma Morphology and Precipitation Mechanism in Udimet 720Li, Scr. Mater., 2000, 43(7), p 585-590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Simonetti and P. Caron, Role and Behaviour of μ Phase During Deformation of a Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloy, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 1998, 254(1), p 1-12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. J.-C. Zhao and M.F. Henry, The Thermodynamic Prediction of Phase Stability in Multicomponent Superalloys, JOM, 2002, 54(1), p 37-41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. J.-C. Zhao, M. Larsen, and V. Ravikumar, Phase Precipitation and Time–Temperature-Transformation Diagram of Hastelloy X, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2000, 293(1), p 112-119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Gao, C. Zhang, P. Gao, F. Zhang, L. Ouyang, M. Widom, and J. Hawk, Thermodynamics of Concentrated Solid Solution Alloys, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2017, 21, p 238-251

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. C. Zhang and M. Gao, in High-Entropy Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, ed. by M.C. Gao, J.W. Yeh, P.K. Liaw, and Y. Zhang (Springer, Cham, 2015)

  28. Y. Zhang, T.T. Zuo, Z. Tang, M.C. Gao, K.A. Dahmen, P.K. Liaw, and Z.P. Lu, Microstructures and Properties of High-Entropy Alloys, Prog. Mater Sci., 2014, 61, p 1-93

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The work was supported by National Natural Science foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51471133 and 51771149). FH thanks Excellent Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (Grant No. CX201805) for the finical support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhijun Wang or Jincheng Wang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 19 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, Q., Wang, Z., He, F. et al. Revealing the Selection of σ and μ Phases in CoCrFeNiMox High Entropy Alloys by CALPHAD. J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 446–453 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0659-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0659-7

Keywords

Navigation