Abstract
Molybdate and tungstate inhibitors were introduced in stagnant and flowing conditions for determining pitting corrosion resistance of Cr–Mn SS in chloride-containing media. Corrosion behavior was investigated using potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in different NaCl concentrations (1, 2% and 3 wt.%). It was found that increase in NaCl concentration increases the corrosion rate. The addition of 0.01 M inhibitors decreased the corrosion rate in Cr–Mn SS. Better corrosion resistance was found with the addition of molybdate in stagnant conditions. However, the opposite behavior was observed in flowing conditions, but there was an increase in E pit with addition of molybdate. Additionally, the mechanism of the corrosion attack developed on the material surface after polarization was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS mapping and point scan). The inhibition effect of the additions was due to a more stable passive film against Cl ions. Mn in the steel may cause opposite effect (initiation of the pits on steel), mainly due to the presence of MnS inclusions which acted as pitting initiators.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. Novak, Handbook of Stainless Steels (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977), p. 1
A.V. Bansod, A.P. Patil, A.P. Moon, N.N. Khobragade, Intergranular corrosion behavior of low-nickel and 304 austenitic stainless steels. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 25, 3615–3626 (2016)
M. Sumita, T. Hanawa, S.H. Teoh, Development of nitrogen-containing nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for metallic biomaterials—review. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 24, 753–760 (2004)
E. Werner, Solid solution and grain size hardening of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. 101, 93–98 (1988)
S. Krakowiak, K. Darowicki, P. Slepski, Impedance investigation of passive 304 stainless steel in the pit pre-initiation state. Electrochim. Acta 50, 2699–2704 (2005)
Z. Szklarska-Smialowska, Mechanism of pit nucleation by electrical breakdown of the passive film. Corros. Sci. 44, 1143–1149 (2002)
W.D. Robertson, Molybdate and tungstate as corrosion inhibitors and the mechanism of inhibition. J. Electrochem. Soc. 98, 94–100 (1951)
A.M.S. El Din, L. Wang, Mechanism of corrosion inhibition by sodium molybdate. Desalination 107, 29–43 (1996)
K. Sugimoto, Simulation analysis of electrochemical nature of real passive films with artificial passivation films. Corros. Sci. 49, 63–71 (2007)
G.T. Burstein, G.O. Ilevbare, The effect of specimen size on the measured pitting potential of stainless steel. Corros. Sci. 38, 2257–2265 (1996)
G. Mu, X. Li, Q. Qu, J. Zhou, Molybdate and tungstate as corrosion inhibitors for cold rolling steel in hydrochloric acid solution. Corros. Sci. 48, 445–459 (2006)
M. Ürgen, A.F. Çakir, The effect of molybdate ions on the temperature dependent pitting potential of austenitic stainless steels in neutral chloride solutions. Corros. Sci. 32, 835–852 (1991)
D.S. Azambuja, E.M.A. Martini, I.L. Müller, Corrosion behaviour of iron and AISI 304 stainless steel in tungstate aqueous solutions containing chlorides. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 14, 570–576 (2003)
N.N. Khobragade, M.I. Khan, A.P. Patil, Corrosion behaviour of chrome-manganese austenitic stainless steels and AISI 304 stainless steel in chloride environment. Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 67, 263–273 (2014)
N. Sato, Toward a more fundamental under standing of corrosion processes. Corrosion 511, 495–511 (1990)
Y.X. Qiao, Y.G. Zheng, W. Ke, P.C. Okafor, Electrochemical behaviour of high nitrogen stainless steel in acidic solutions. Corros. Sci. 51, 979–986 (2009)
C. Hitz, A. Lasia, Experimental study and modeling of impedance of the her on porous Ni electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 500, 213–222 (2001)
M.A.M. Ibrahim, S.S. Abd El Rehim, M.M. Hamza, Corrosion behavior of some austenitic stainless steels in chloride environments. Mater. Chem. Phys. 115, 80–85 (2009)
X. Zhang, D.W. Shoesmith, Influence of temperature on passive film properties on Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy C-2000. Corros. Sci. 76, 424–431 (2013)
R. Lopes-Sesenes, G.F. Dominguez-Patiño, J.G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J. Uruchurtu-Chavarin, Effect of flowing conditions on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by extract of buddleia perfoliata. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 8, 477–489 (2013)
H. Krawiec, V. Vignal, O. Heintz, R. Oltra, Influence of the dissolution of MnS inclusions under free corrosion and potentiostatic conditions on the composition of passive films and the electrochemical behaviour of stainless steels. Electrochim. Acta 51, 3235–3243 (2006)
A. Pardo, M.C. Merino, A.E. Coy, F. Viejo, R. Arrabal, E. Matykina, Pitting corrosion behaviour of austenitic stainless steels—combining effects of Mn and Mo additions. Corros. Sci. 50, 1796–1806 (2008)
J.M. Bastidas, C.L. Torres, E. Cano, J.L. Polo, Influence of molybdenum on passivation of polarised stainless steels in a chloride environment. Corros. Sci. 44, 625–633 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bansod, A.V., Patil, A.P., Suranshe, S. et al. Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Cr–Mn Austenitic Stainless Steel with Addition of Molybdate and Tungstate Under Stagnant and Flow Condition in NaCl Solution. J Fail. Anal. and Preven. 17, 1241–1250 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-017-0366-4
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-017-0366-4