Abstract
Bainite is a decomposition product of austenite consisting of an aggregate of ferrite and carbides. In general, it forms at temperatures lower than those where very fine pearlite forms and higher than those where martensite begins to form on cooling. In the present work, a bainitic structure steel comprised of plate-like ferrite grains, inside which carbide particles can be seen, have been prepared. The microstructural evaluation is performed at different temperatures. These steels are characterized by optical microscopy, hardness testing, and eddy current testing system. It is found that there is a relationship between hardness and eddy current. Thus, eddy current technique found effective tool to identify the condition of microstructure at different temperatures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H.K. Moon, K.B. Lee, H. Kwon, Influences of Co addition and austenitizing temperature on secondary hardending and impact fracture behavior in P/M high speed steels of W–Mo–Cr–V(–Co) system. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 474(1–2), 328–334 (2008)
R.K.D. Misra, T.V. Balasubramanian, P.R. Rao, Acta Metall. 35, 2995–3000 (1987)
R.K.D. Misra, T.V. Balasubramanian, P.R. Rao, Acta Metall. 37, 1475–1483 (1989)
F.A. Khalid, D.V. Edmonds, in Precipitation and transformation microtwinning in Micoalloyed Engineering Alloys, proceedings of the international conference on solid-solid phase transformation, ed. by W.O. Johnson, J.M. Howe, D.E. Laughlin, W.A. Sofia (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Pennsylvania, 1994), pp. 231–236
G.A. Roberts, J.C. Hamaker, A.R. Johnson (eds.), Tool Steels, 3rd edn. (ASM Metals, Metals park, 1971)
J.W. Liaw, S.L. Chu, C.S. Yeh, M.K. Kuo, Analysis of eddy currents in a bar containing an embedded defect. NDT&E 32, 293–303 (1999)
F. Roper, A high-frequency eddy current method for the thickness measurement of thin metallic foils using ferrite-core transmission systems. NDT&E 33, 163–172 (2000)
L.H. Ichinose, Y. Kohno, T. Kitada, M. Matsumura, Applications of eddy current test to fatigue crack inspection of steel bridges. Mem. Fac. Eng. 48, 57–62 (2007)
L. Janousek, Z. Chen, N. Yusa, K. Miya, Excitation with phase shifted fields-enhancing evaluation of deep cracks in eddy current testing. NDT&E 38, 508–515 (2005)
G.Y. Tian, A. Sophian, Defect classification using a new feature for pulsed eddy current sensors. NDT&E 38, 77–82 (2005)
S. Konoplyuk, T. Abe, T. Uchimoto, T. Takagi, M. Kurosawa, Characterization of ductile cast iron by Eddy current method. NDT&E 38, 623–626 (2005)
G.V. Drunen, V.S. Cecco, Recognizing limitations in Eddy current testing. NDT Int 17, 378–383 (1984)
M. Kang, M.X. Zhang, F. Liu, M. Zhu, Kinetics and Morphology of isothermal transformations at intermediate temperature in 15CrMnMoV steel. Mater Trans JIS 50(1), 123–129 (2009)
L. Yong, Z. Zhongping, S. Guangfu, Z. Liquan, Y. Wanhua, H. Jingtao, Analysis on vanadium’s impact on metallographic transitions of HSLA steel, international seminar 2005 on application technologies of vanadium in flat—rolled steels (2005), pp 105–109
F. Perrard, C. Scott, Vanadium precipitation during intercritical annealing in cold rolled TRIP steels. ISIJ Int. 47(8), 1168–1177 (2007)
M. Bischof, P. Staron, D. Caliskanoglu, H. Leitner, C. Scheu, H. Clemens, On the overaging behavior of tool steel X38CrMoV 5-3. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 472(1–2), 148–156 (2008)
E. Pippels, J. Woltersdorf, G. Pockl, G. Lichtenegger, Microstructure and nanochemistry of carbide precipitates in high-speed steel. Mater. Charact. 43, 41–55 (1999)
H. Ohtsuka, Effects of strong magnetic fields on bainitic transformation. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 8(3–4), 279–284 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khan, S.H., Khan, A.N. Metallurgical Characterization of Bainitic Steel by Eddy Current Method. J Fail. Anal. and Preven. 16, 1121–1125 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-016-0191-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-016-0191-1