Abstract
In order to maintain a desirable temperature level of electronic equipment at low pressure, the thermal control performance with pool boiling heat transfer of water was examined based on experimental measurement. The total setup was designed and performed to accomplish the experiment with the pressure range from 4.5 kPa to 20 kPa and the heat flux between 6 kW/m2 and 20 kW/m2. The chosen material of the heat surface was aluminium alloy and the test cavity had the capability of varying the direction for the heat surface from vertical to horizontal directions. Through this study, the steady and transient temperature of the heat surface at different pressures and directions were obtained. Although the temperature non-uniformity of the heat surface from the centre to the edge could reach 10°C for the aluminium alloy due to the varying pressures, the whole temperature results successfully satisfied with the thermal control requirements for electronic equipment, and the temperature control effect of the vertically oriented direction was better than that of the horizontally oriented direction. Moreover, the behaviour of bubbles generating and detaching from the heat surface was recorded by a high-resolution camera, so as to understand the pool boiling heat transfer mechanism at low-load heat flux. These pictures showed that the bubbles departure diameter becomes larger, and departure frequency was slower at low pressure, in contrast to 1.0 atm.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kandlikar S.G., A theoretical model to predict pool boiling CHF incorporating effects of contact angle and orientation, Journal of Heat Transfer-Transactions of the ASME, 2001, 123: 1071–1079.
McGillis W.R., Fitch J.S., Hamburgen W.R., Carey V.P., Pool boiling heat enhancement techniques for water at low pressure, Western Research Laboratory (WRL) Research Report, December, 1990.
Sloan A., Penley S., Wirtz R.A., Sub-atmospheric pressure pool boiling of water on a screen-laminate enhanced surface, 25th IEEE SEMI-THERM Symposium, New York, 2009, 246–253.
Feldmann H. and Luke A., Nucleate boiling in water for different pressures, International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, West Lafayette, 2008, paper 982.
Flores S., Development of a heat transfer test rig for finding heat transfer characteristics of liquid methane, MS. thesis, The University of Texas at El Paso, 2011.
Rainey K.N., You S.M., Lee S., Effect of pressure, subcooling, and dissolved gas on pool boiling heat transfer from microporous, square pin-finned surfaces in FC-72, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2003, 46: 23–35.
Tu J.Y. and Yeoh G.H., On numerical modelling of low-pressure subcooled boiling flows, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002, 45: 1197–1209.
Táboas F., Vallès M., Bourouis M., Coronas A., Assessment of boiling heat transfer and pressure drop correlations of ammonia/water mixture in a plate heat exchanger, International Journal of Refrigeration, 2012, 35: 633–644.
Speetjens M., Steady-state behaviour of a three-dimen—sional pool-boiling problem, Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies, ThETA 1, Cairo, Egypt, 2007.
Chu K.H., Enright R., Wang E.N., Structured surfaces for enhanced pool boiling heat transfer, Applied Physics Letters, 2012, 100: 241603.1‒4.
Sakashita H. and Ono A., Boiling behaviors and critical heat flux on a horizontal plate in saturated pool boiling of water at high pressures, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 52: 744–750.
Guan C.K., Klausner J.F., Mei R.W., A new mechanistic model for pool boiling CHF on horizontal surfaces, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011, 54: 3960–3969.
Forrest E.C., Hu L.W., McKrell T.J., Buongiorno J., Ostrovsky Y., Pressure effects on the pool boiling of the fluorinated ketone C2F5C(O)CF(CF3)2, Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems, New York, 2010.
Takahashi K. and Koizumi Y., Study on nucleate boiling heat transfer by measuring detailed surface temperature distribution and variation with infrared radiation camera, International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASME, Montreal, 2014.
Fischer S., Herbert S., Slomski E.M., et al., Local heat flux investigation during pool boiling dingle bubble cycles under reduced gravity, Heat Transfer Engineering, 2014, 35(5): 482–491.
Chen E.F., Li Y.Z., Cheng X.H., Wang L., Modeling of low-pressure subcooled boiling flow of water via the homogeneous MUSIG approach, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2009, 239: 1733–1743.
Končar B., Kljenak I., Mavko B., Modelling of local twophase flow parameters in upward subcooled flow boiling at low pressure, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47:1499–1513.
Ramakrishna N.H., Shrikantha S.R., Reddy R.P., Investigations on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pool Boiling with Water-CuO Nano-Fluids, Journal of Thermal Science, 2012, 21(2): 179–183.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This study is financially supported by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang (E2017041) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51776053).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, C., Guo, D., Wang, Z. et al. Investigation on Active Thermal Control Method with Pool Boiling Heat Transfer at Low Pressure. J. Therm. Sci. 27, 277–284 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-018-1009-0
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-018-1009-0