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Lithological mapping with multispectral data – setup and application of a spectral database for rocks in the Balakot area, Northern Pakistan

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Abstract

In the frame of landslide susceptibility assessment, a spectral library was created to support the identification of materials confined to a particular region using remote sensing images. This library, called Pakistan spectral library (pklib) version 0.1, contains the analysis data of sixty rock samples taken in the Balakot region in Northern Pakistan. The spectral library is implemented as SQLite database. Structure and naming are inspired by the convention system of the ASTER Spectral Library. Usability, application and benefit of the pklib were evaluated and depicted taking two approaches, the multivariate and the spectral based. The spectral information were used to create indices. The indices were applied to Landsat and ASTER data to support the spatial delineation of outcropping rock sequences in stratigraphic formations. The application of the indices introduced in this paper helps to identify spots where specific lithological characteristics occur. Especially in areas with sparse or missing detailed geological mapping, the spectral discrimination via remote sensing data can speed up the survey. The library can be used not only to support the improvement of factor maps for landslide susceptibility analysis, but also to provide a geoscientific basis to further analyze the lithological spot in numerous regions in the Hindu Kush.

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Acknowledgement

The German-Pakistani technical cooperation project “Geohazard Assessment in Northern Pakistan” provided the framework for our additional remote sensing based work, which is presented here. We thank the project leader Ms. Annette Lisy and the technical adviser Mr. Daniel Weggenmann for their support.

The samples were prepared in the laboratories of the Geological Survey of Pakistan and analyzed in the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources.

We thank the laboratory staff for their contributions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, 30655, Hanover, Germany

    Michael Fuchs

  2. Geological Survey of Pakistan, 84, Street 3, Sector H-8/1, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Adnan A. Awan, Sardar S. Akhtar, Ijaz Ahmad, Simon Sadiq & Asif Razzak

  3. Geological Survey of Pakistan, P.O Box No. 1461, Shahzad Town, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Naghmah Haider

Authors
  1. Michael Fuchs
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  2. Adnan A. Awan
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  3. Sardar S. Akhtar
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  4. Ijaz Ahmad
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  5. Simon Sadiq
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  6. Asif Razzak
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  7. Naghmah Haider
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Correspondence to Michael Fuchs.

Additional information

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2269-9724

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2913-9095

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2282-2032

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-8883

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9260-6031

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-9379

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-819X

The current version of the pklib will be available on request by emailing the corresponding author.

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Fuchs, M., Awan, A.A., Akhtar, S.S. et al. Lithological mapping with multispectral data – setup and application of a spectral database for rocks in the Balakot area, Northern Pakistan. J. Mt. Sci. 14, 948–963 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4101-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4101-5

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