Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation of Rod-like Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Powders by Sol-gel Technique Using Metal Chlorides and Acetylacetone Precursors

  • Advanced Materials
  • Published:
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) powders were prepared by using metal chloride precursors and the sol-gel technique. IR peaks observed at 1590 cm-1 and 1620 cm-1 indicated the formation of metal chelate as a consequence of the addition of acetylacetone to the metal chloride solution. TG-DSC analysis of the AZO gels confirmed the formation of metal chelate as evidenced by the development of several weight loss peaks accompanied by the introduction of new endothermic peaks. The resulting AZO gels were annealed at 500, 600, and 800 °C to study the effect of annealing temperature. XRD and SEM results showed that crystallization of AZO gels takes place around 600 °C. Hexagonal wurtzite structure was identified as the main phase for all the samples. In addition, small shift of the XRD (002) peak coupled with XPS results from the AZO powders confirmed the successful doping of the ZnO powders. Micron sized rod-like AZO powders were uniform in dimension and morphology and remained stable even at 800 °C.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Djurisic AB, et al. ZnO nanostructures: Growth, Properties and Applications [J]. Materials Chemistry, 2012, 22(14): 6 526–6 535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Park WI, et al. ZnO Nanorod Logic Circuits[J]. Advanced Materials, 2005, 17(11): 1 393–1 397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang L, et al. ZnO Nanorod Gas Sensor for Ethanol Detection[J]. Sensors & Actuators: B.Chemical, 2012, 162(1): 237–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen JH, et al. Stacking Fault Directed Growth of Thin ZnO Nanobelt [J]. Materials Letters, 2008, 62(15): 2 369–2 371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Pan ZW, Dai ZR, and Wang ZL. Nanobelts of Semiconducting Oxides [J]. Science, 2001, 291(5510): 1 947–1 949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Long T, et al. Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanorods and Nanodisks from Zinc Chloride Aqueous Solution[J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2009, 4(3): 247–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Panda D and T–Y Tseng. One–dimensional ZnO Nanostructures: Fabrication, Optoelectronic Properties, and Device Applications[J]. Materials Science, 2013, 48(20): 6 849–6 877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Yan C, et al. Tube Formation in Nanoscale Materials[J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2008, 3(12): 473–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rani S, et al. Synthesis of Nanocrystalline ZnO Powder via Sol–gel Route for Dye–sensitized Solar Cells[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2008, 92(12): 1 639–1 645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fageria P, Gangopadhyay S, and Pande S. Synthesis of ZnO/Au and ZnO/Ag Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic Application Using UV and Visible Light[J]. RSC Advances, 2014, 4(48): 24 962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wolf N, et al. Stabilization of Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Suspensions and Their Application in Organic Solar Cells[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2014, 564: 213–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang Y, et al. Optical and Electrical Properties of Aluminum–doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles[J]. Materials Science, 2011, 46(3): 774–780

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Pál E and Dékány I. Structural, optical and Photoelectric Properties of Indium–doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared in Dimethyl Sulphoxide [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2008, 318(1): 141–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Park SH, Park JB, and Song PK. Characteristics of Al–doped, Gadoped and In–doped zinc–oxide Films as Transparent Conducting Electrodes in Organic Light–emitting Diodes[J]. Current Applied Physics, 2010, 10(3): S488–S490

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gordon T, Grinblat J, and Margel S. Preparation of “Cauliflower–Like” ZnO Micron–Sized Particles[J]. Materials, 2013, 6(11): 5 234–5 246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Jood P, et al. Al–doped Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties[J]. Nano Letters, 2011, 11(10): 4 337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang H, et al. High Performance AZO Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering at Low Temperature[J]. Recent Patents on Materials Science, 2015, 8(3): 260–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Xu Y, Ma PH, and Liu MN. Envelope Method Applied on the AZO Thin Films[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012, 268–270: 202

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wu, H–W and C–H Chu. Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of AZO/Mo/AZO Thin Films Prepared by Rf Magnetron Sputtering[J]. Materials Letters, 2013. 105: 65–67

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lo S–S, et al. Raman Scattering and Band–gap Variations of Al–doped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Chemical Colloid Process[J]. Physics D: Applied Physics, 2009. 42(9): 095420

    Google Scholar 

  21. Zamiri R, et al. Structural and Dielectric Properties of Al–doped ZnO Nanostructures[J]. Ceramics International, 2014, 40(4): 6 031–6 036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Raj Mohan R, Sambath K, and Rajendran K. Experimental Investigation on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO: AZO Nano Particles by Hydrothermal Synthesis[J]. Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2015, 26(3): 1 748–1 755

    Google Scholar 

  23. Xu C, et al. Effect of Urea on the Dispersibility and Crystallisation of AZO Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol–gel Combustion[J]. Micro & Nano Letters, 2011, 6(10): 855–857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhang P, et al. Aluminum–doped Zinc Oxide Powders: Synthesis, Properties and Application[J]. Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014, 25(2): 678–692

    Google Scholar 

  25. Efafi B, et al. Aluminum Doped ZnO Sol–gel Derived Nanocrystals: Raman Spectroscopy and Solid Solubility Characterization: Aluminum Doped ZnO Sol–gel Derived Nanocrystals[J]. Physica Status Solidi (a), 2014, 211(10): 2 426–2 430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Nishio K, et al. Preparation of Highly Oriented Thin Film Exhibiting Transparent Conduction by the Sol–gel Process[J]. Materials Science, 1996, 31(14): 3 651–3 656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Papet P, et al. Transparent Monolithic Zirconia Gels: Effects of Acetylacetone Content on Gelation[J]. Materials Science, 1989, 24(11): 3 850–3 854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zak AK, et al. Effects of Annealing Temperature on Some Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by a Modified Sol–gel Combustion Method[J]. Ceramics International, 2011, 37(1): 393–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Avci N, et al. Characterization of TiO2 Powders and Thin Films Prepared by Non–aqueous Sol–gel Techniques[J]. Journal of Sol–Gel Science and Technology, 2009, 52(3): 424–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Silva RF and Darbello ME Zaniquelli, Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide Films: Formation Process and Optical Properties[J]. Journal of Non–Crystalline Solids, 1999, 247(1): 248–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Sengupta J, Sahoo RK, and Mukherjee CD. Effect of Annealing on the Structural, Topographical and Optical Properties of Sol–gel Derived ZnO and AZO Thin Films[J]. Materials Letters, 2012, 83:84–87

    Google Scholar 

  32. LaiC–m, Lin K–m, and Rosmaidah S. Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Quality of Al–doped ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Sol–gel Method[J]. Jol–Gel Science and Technology, 2012, 61(1): 249–257

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hua G, et al. Fabrication of ZnO Nanowire Arrays by Cycle Growth in Surfactantless Aqueous Solution and Their Applications on Dye–sensitized Solar Cells[J]. Materials Letters, 2008, 62(25): 4 109–4 111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Wang H–B, et al. Dynamic Morphology Instability in Epitaxial ZnO/AZO (aluminum–doped ZnO) Core–shell Nanowires[J]. Materials Science, 2014, 49(17): 6 020–6 028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Pal M, et al. Influence of Al Doping on Microstructural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Sol–gel Based Nanostructured Zinc Oxide Films on Glass[J]. RSC Advances, 2014, 4(23): 11 552–11 563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Tian X, et al. Growth and Characterization of the Al–doped and Al–Sn Co–doped ZnO Nanostructures[J]. Ceramics International, 2013, 39(6): 6 497–6 502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Ellmer K and Mientus R. Carrier Transport in Polycrystalline Transparent Conductive Oxides: A Comparative Study of Zinc Oxide and Indium Oxide[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2008, 516(14): 4 620–4 627

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by Instituto Politécnico Nacional through the project SIP-IPN- 20182176. The authors would like to thank Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías-IPN for the analytical methods. One of the authors Keshtkar J wishes to thank National Council of Science and Technology of México (CONACYT) the scholarship for doctoral studies.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, 07738, CDMX, México

    Javad Keshtkar & José Martinez Trinidad

  2. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, 07738, CDMX, México

    Jorge Roberto Vargas Garcia

  3. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Ribera Alta, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, 86205, México

    Jorge Galaviz Perez

Authors
  1. Javad Keshtkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jorge Roberto Vargas Garcia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jorge Galaviz Perez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. José Martinez Trinidad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Javad Keshtkar.

Additional information

Funded by the Project of Instituto Politecnico Nacional(SIP-IPN-20182176)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Keshtkar, J., Vargas Garcia, J.R., Galaviz Perez, J. et al. Preparation of Rod-like Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Powders by Sol-gel Technique Using Metal Chlorides and Acetylacetone Precursors. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 33, 1293–1297 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-018-1966-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-018-1966-x

Key words

Search

Navigation