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New Phytophthora species in clade 2a from the Asia-Pacific region including a re-examination of P. colocasiae and P. meadii

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Abstract

Five new taxa from Phytophthora ITS clade 2a are described from Cinnamomum cassia plantations and adjacent waterways in Van Yen, Vietnam, disturbed rainforest in the Hela Province of Papua New Guinea and from disturbed forest on Christmas Island. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using data from nuclear regions (ITS, β-tubulin; heat shock protein 90) and mitochondrial regions (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1; ribosomal protein L10). The molecular data supported recognition of three species: Phytophthora insulinativitatica, P. multibullata and P. x vanyenensis, and two informal taxa: P. sp. germisporangia and P. sp. awatangi. P. x vanyenensis appears to be a hybrid between P. mekongensis and an unknown species. P. multibullata and P. sp. germisporangia are phylogenetically close to P. citrophthora, but morphologically distinct. P. insulinativitatica is most closely related to P. botryosa, but has distinct morphology. P. sp. germisporangia and P. sp. awatangi were morphologically distinct and separated in the phylogeny based on mitochondrial sequences, but their nuclear sequences were identical. When comparing the sequences of these new species to that available on GenBank, it became evident that some of these species shared similarity with isolates submitted to GenBank under other species names. A re-evaluation of all P. meadii and P. colocasiae ITS sequence data identified an additional 7 putatively new species all isolated from Asia. The results support the view that many more Phytophthora species remain to be discovered in the Asia-Pacific region.

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Data availability

All new sequences have been uploaded to GenBank. All sequence alignments are available from Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.02v6wwq22). Type cultures have been submitted to CBS (WesterDijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands). Species names have been submitted to MycoBank.

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Acknowledgements

The senior author received a joint PhD scholarship between the Vietnam Government and Murdoch University. The authors would like to thank Prof. Alex George for helping with Latin names and Emeritus Prof. Jen McComb for editing and giving valuable suggestions. Prof. Chuanexue Hong kindly provided additional information on isolate 46C3. The staff from the Forest Protection Research Centre of Vietnam Academy of Forest Sciences helped with the collection of data. Diane White provided much appreciated molecular technical support.

Funding

Provided by Murdoch University as part of PhD student operational funds and by the Forest Protection Research Centre of Vietnam Academy of Forest Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Phytophthora Science and Management, Centre for Climate Impacted Terrestrial Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, 6150, Australia

    Quynh N. Dang, Giles E. StJ. Hardy & Treena I Burgess

  2. Forest Protection Research Centre, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, 46 Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi City, Vietnam

    Quynh N. Dang & Thu Q. Pham

  3. PO Box 317, Innisfail, 4860, Queensland, Australia

    Frans Arentz

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  1. Quynh N. Dang
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  2. Thu Q. Pham
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  4. Giles E. StJ. Hardy
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  5. Treena I Burgess
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Contributions

Conceptualization: T.B., G.H., T.P. F. A., and Q.D.; methodology: Q.D. and T.B; validation: T.B. and Q.D.; formal analysis: T.B. and Q.D.; investigation: Q.D. and F.A.; resources: G.H., T.B., and T.P.; data curation: T.B. and Q.D.; writing—original draft preparation: Q.D.; writing—review and editing: T.B., F.A., and G.H.; supervision: T.B., T.P., and G.H.; funding acquisition: F.A., G.H., T.P., and T.B.; all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Treena I Burgess.

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Appendix

S1 ITS sequence data for all isolates submitted to Genbank as P. meadii or P. colocasiae or isolates matching the sequence of the type isolate of these species. Columns are species name on Genbank, organism (identity based on phylogenetic analysis), country, host, isolate code, sequence length and sequence. Duplicates accessions for the same isolate have been removed. (XLSX 80 kb)

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Dang, Q.N., Pham, T.Q., Arentz, F. et al. New Phytophthora species in clade 2a from the Asia-Pacific region including a re-examination of P. colocasiae and P. meadii. Mycol Progress 20, 111–129 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01656-7

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