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Fetal MRI as a complement to US in the evaluation of cleft lip and palate

Ruolo della RM fetale nella valutazione delle labio-palatoschisi isolate e sindromiche

  • Paediatric Radiology / Radiologia Pediatrica
  • Published:
La radiologia medica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of our study was to investigate the role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a complement to ultrasound (US) in the evaluation of cleft lip and palate (CLP), whether isolated or in association with syndromic conditions.

Materials and methods

We enrolled 24 pregnant women (27 fetuses) (mean gestational age 23.7 weeks) with a level-two US diagnosis of cleft lip (CL) or CLP with or without associated central nervous system (CNS) or facial-bone anomalies. All individuals underwent a fetal MRI examination to study the facial skeleton, CNS and fetal body. For each fetus, the main anatomical facial landmarks and biometric parameters [anteroposterior diameter (APD), biparietal diameter (BPD), inferior facial angle (IFA), frontomaxillary angle (FMA), bi-orbital diameter (BOD), intraorbital diameter (IOD)] were measured.

Results

Twenty-five of 27 fetuses had a US diagnosis of CL or CLP. MRI confirmed the diagnosis in 16/25 fetuses and added information about the extent of the cleft and the degree of involvement of the anterior and posterior palate in 8/25 fetuses. MRI ruled out the diagnosis in 1/25 fetuses and identified an alteration of the parameters IFA, FMA and IOD in 6/24 fetuses.

Conclusions

In the study of CLP fetal, MRI is able to define the degree of involvement of the posterior palate and the lateral extent of the cleft with higher diagnostic accuracy than US. Furthermore, MRI provides a complete study of the fetal head and biometric development of the facial bones, thus enabling early detection of potential syndromic conditions.

Riassunto

Obiettivo

Lo scopo del nostro studio è valutare il ruolo complementare, rispetto all’esame ecografico, della risonanza magnetica (RM) fetale nell’inquadramento delle labioschisi (LBS) o labio-palatoschisi (LPS) isolate e associate a quadri sindromici.

Materiali e metodi

Abbiamo prospettivamente arruolato 24 donne in gravidanza (27 feti; età gestazionale media 23,7 settimane) con diagnosi ecografica di II livello di LBS o LPS, associata o meno ad anomalie cranio-encefaliche o del massiccio facciale; le pazienti sono state sottoposte a RM fetale per lo studio del massiccio facciale, oltre che del sistema nervoso centrale (SNC) e del body fetale. Per ogni feto abbiamo valutato i principali reperi anatomici del massiccio facciale e calcolato i seguenti parametri riguardanti il suo normale sviluppo: diametro anteroposteriore della mandibola (DAPM), diametro biparietale della mandibola (DBPM), angolo facciale inferiore (IFA), angolo fronto-mascellare (FMA), diametro bisorbitario (DBO), diametro interorbitario (DIO).

Risultati

Venticinque/27 feti avevano diagnosi ecografica di LBS-LPS. La RM ha confermato la diagnosi ecografica in 16/25 feti ed ha aggiunto informazioni riguardo l’estensione della schisi ed il coinvolgimento del palato in 8/25 feti; ha smentito la diagnosi in 1/25 feti. Inoltre abbiamo evidenziato in 6/24 feti un’alterazione dei parametri IFA, FMA, DIO.

Conclusioni

Lo studio RM fetale del massiccio facciale nelle LBS-LPS definisce con maggiore accuratezza il grado di coinvolgimento del palato posteriore e la lateralità; consente, inoltre, una valutazione del distretto cranioencefalico e dello sviluppo biometrico del massiccio facciale al fine di identificare precocemente eventuali condizioni sindromiche.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto di Scienze Radiologiche, Policlinico Umberto I, Università degli Studi “Sapienza” Roma, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Roma, Italy

    L. Manganaro, A. Tomei, F. Fierro, P. Sollazzo, M. E. Sergi, V. Vinci, S. Bernardo, D. Irimia & M. Marini

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Viale Pieraccini 24, Careggi, Italy

    M. Di Maurizio

  3. Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale, Policlinico Umberto I, Università degli Studi “Sapienza” Roma, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Roma, Italy

    P. Cascone

Authors
  1. L. Manganaro
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  2. A. Tomei
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  3. F. Fierro
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  4. M. Di Maurizio
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  6. M. E. Sergi
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  7. V. Vinci
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  8. S. Bernardo
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  9. D. Irimia
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  10. P. Cascone
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  11. M. Marini
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Correspondence to A. Tomei.

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Manganaro, L., Tomei, A., Fierro, F. et al. Fetal MRI as a complement to US in the evaluation of cleft lip and palate. Radiol med 116, 1134–1148 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-011-0683-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-011-0683-8

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