Table 3 Summary of parametric coefficients for the model fitted to tongue sensor movements in the midsaggital plane, with paradigmatic probability as covariate. SDV = Sensor by Dimension by Vowel, TT = tongue tip, TB = tongue body, ver = vertical movements, hor = horizontal movements
From: Paradigmatic enhancement of stem vowels in regular English inflected verb forms
| parametric coefficients | estimate | std. error | t-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept (TB hor [ɑ], Tense = stem) | −14.6575 | 0.3091 | −47.4163 | < 0.0001 |
| Tense = stem+s (TB hor [ɑ]) | 1.2326 | 0.2116 | 5.8264 | < 0.0001 |
| Tense = stem+d (TB hor [ɑ]) | 0.4989 | 0.2452 | 2.0347 | 0.0419 |
| Tense = stem+ing (TB hor [ɑ]) | 0.3785 | 0.2557 | 1.4802 | 0.1388 |
| SDV = TT hor [i] (Tense = stem) | 9.3122 | 0.2790 | 33.3766 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TT hor [i] : Tense = stem+s | −0.9969 | 0.2252 | −4.4260 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TT hor [i] : Tense = stem+d | −1.1806 | 0.2607 | −4.5293 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TT hor [i] : Tense = stem+ing | −0.7144 | 0.2693 | −2.6533 | 0.0080 |
| SDV = TB hor [i] (Tense = stem) | 10.6854 | 0.2795 | 38.2284 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TB hor [i] : Tense = stem+s | −1.1241 | 0.2265 | −4.9634 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TB hor [i] : Tense = stem+d | −0.9085 | 0.2625 | −3.4611 | 0.0005 |
| SDV = TB hor [i] : Tense = stem+ing | −0.6452 | 0.2698 | −2.3911 | 0.0168 |
| SDV = TT ver [i] (Tense = stem) | 5.2337 | 0.2804 | 18.6637 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TT ver [i] : Tense = stem+s | −0.8055 | 0.2303 | −3.4982 | 0.0005 |
| SDV = TT ver [i] : Tense = stem+d | 0.3809 | 0.2644 | 1.4406 | 0.1497 |
| SDV = TT ver [i] : Tense = stem+ing | 0.7395 | 0.2741 | 2.6979 | 0.0070 |
| SDV = TB ver [i] (Tense = stem) | 11.7611 | 0.2780 | 42.2991 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TB ver [i] : Tense = stem+s | −0.9430 | 0.2233 | −4.2235 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TB ver [i] : Tense = stem+d | −0.5270 | 0.2583 | −2.0400 | 0.0413 |
| SDV = TB ver [i] : Tense = stem+ing | −0.6493 | 0.2662 | −2.4390 | 0.0147 |
| SDV = TT hor [ɑ] (Tense = stem) | −2.3130 | 0.2121 | −10.9076 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TT hor [ɑ] : Tense = stem+s | 0.1184 | 0.2695 | 0.4392 | 0.6605 |
| SDV = TT hor [ɑ] : Tense = stem+d | 0.2741 | 0.3130 | 0.8760 | 0.3811 |
| SDV = TT hor [ɑ] : Tense = stem+ing | 0.4097 | 0.3274 | 1.2511 | 0.2109 |
| SDV = TT ver [ɑ] (Tense = stem) | 3.6150 | 0.2327 | 15.5326 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TT ver [ɑ] : Tense = stem+s | −3.3122 | 0.2984 | −11.0987 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TT ver [ɑ] : Tense = stem+d | −3.0447 | 0.3462 | −8.7956 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TT ver [ɑ] : Tense = stem+ing | 0.4263 | 0.3562 | 1.1966 | 0.2315 |
| SDV = TB ver [ɑ] (Tense = stem) | 5.2527 | 0.2260 | 23.2376 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TB ver [ɑ] : Tense = stem+s | −1.8583 | 0.2829 | −6.5697 | < 0.0001 |
| SDV = TB ver [ɑ] : Tense = stem+d | −1.0930 | 0.3333 | −3.2797 | 0.0010 |
| SDV = TB ver [ɑ] : Tense = stem+ing | 0.0967 | 0.3501 | 0.2761 | 0.7825 |