Abstract
The wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging system is highly safe and flexible. To reduce the weight and cost of EVs, the wireless charging system, which simplifies the structure inside an EV and utilizes the transmitter-side control method, has become popular. This study investigates the transmitter-side control methods in a wireless EV charging system. First, a universal wireless charging system is introduced, and the function of its transfer power is derived. It is observed that the transfer power can be controlled by regulating either the phase-shift angle or the DC-link voltage. Further, the influence of the control variables is studied using numerical analysis. Additionally, the corresponding control methods, namely the phase-shift angle and the DC-link voltage control, are compared by calculation and simulation. It is found that: (1) the system efficiency is low with the phase-shift control method because of the converter switching loss; (2) the dynamic response is slow with the DC-link voltage control method because of the large inertia of the inductor and capacitor; (3) both the control methods have limitations in their adjustable power range. Therefore, a combined control method is proposed, with the advantages of high system efficiency, fast dynamic response, and wide adjustable power range. Finally, experiments are performed to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed method. This study provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the transmitter-side control methods in the wireless charging system, considering the sensitivity of parameters, converter losses, system efficiency, and dynamic performance, with the dead-time effect taken into consideration. Moreover, the proposed control method can be used to realize the optimal combination of the phase-shift angle and the DC-link voltage with good dynamic performance, and it is useful for the optimal operation of the wireless charging system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ouyang M G. New energy vehicle research and development in China (in Chinese). Sci Tech Rev, 2016, 34: 13–20
Zhao S J, Zhao F Q, Liu Z W. The current status, barriers and development strategy of new energy vehicle industry in China. In: 6th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management. Cambridge, 2017. 96–100
Li S Q, Mi C C. Wireless power transfer for electric vehicle applications. IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Power Electron, 2015, 3: 4–17
Chen C, Huang X L, Tan L L, et al. Electromagnetic environment and security evaluation for wireless charging of electric vehicles (in Chinese). Trans China Elect Tech Soc, 2015, 30: 61–67
Zhu C B, Jiang J H, Song K. Research progress of key technologies for dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicle (in Chinese). Automat Elect Power Syst, 2017, 41: 60–72
Hui S Y R. Magnetic resonance for wireless power transfer. IEEE Power Electron Mag, 2016, 3: 14–31
Fang X L, Liu H, Li G Y, et al. Circuit model based design and analysis for a four-structure-switchable wireless power transfer system. Sci China Tech Sci, 2015, 58: 534–544
Yang Q X, Zhang P C, Zhu L H, et al. Key fundamental problems and technical bottlenecks of the wireless power transmission technology (in Chinese). Trans China Elect Tech Soc, 2015, 30: 1–8
Gao D W, Wang S, Yang F Y. State of art of the wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles (in Chinese). J Automot Safety Energy, 2015, 6: 314–327
Imura T, Okabe H, Hori Y. Basic experimental study on helical antennas of wireless power transfer for electric vehicles by using magnetic resonant couplings. In: Proceedings of Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference. Michigan, 2009. 936–940
J2954A (WIP) wireless power transfer for light-duty plug-in/electric vehicles and alignment methodology SAE international. [online]. available. https://doi.org/standards.sae.org/wip/j2954/
Shen P, Ouyang M, Lu L, et al. The Co-estimation of state of charge, state of health, and state of function for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Veh Tech, 2018, 67: 92–103
Li Y, Wang L F, Liao C L, et al. Recursive modeling and online identification of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicle applications. Sci China Tech Sci, 2014, 57: 403–413
Mai R, Chen Y, Li Y, et al. Inductive power transfer for massive electric bicycles charging based on hybrid topology switching with a single inverter. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2017, 32: 5897–5906
Li Z, Zhu C, Jiang J, et al. A 3-kW wireless power transfer system for sightseeing car supercapacitor charge. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2017, 32: 3301–3316
Li H, Li J, Wang K, et al. A maximum efficiency point tracking control scheme for wireless power transfer systems using magnetic resonant coupling. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2015, 30: 3998–4008
Zhang S, Xiong R, Zhou X. Comparison of the topologies for a hybrid energy-storage system of electric vehicles via a novel optimization method. Sci China Technol Sci, 2015, 58: 1173–1185
Guo Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, et al. Rectifier load analysis for electric vehicle wireless charging system. IEEE Trans Ind Electron, 2018, 1–1
Liao C L, Li J F, Tao C X, et al. A review on control methods for wireless power transfer system (in Chinese). J Elect Eng, 2015, 10: 1–6
Dai X, Li W, Zou Y, et al. Robust design optimisation for inductive power transfer systems from topology collection based on an evolutionary multi-objective algorithm. IET Power Electron, 2015, 8: 1767–1776
Tan L L, Huang X L, Huang H, et al. Transfer efficiency optimal control of magnetic resonance coupled system of wireless power transfer based on frequency control. Sci China Tech Sci, 2011, 54: 1428–1434
Selarka V, Shah P, Vahela D J, et al. Close loop control of three phase active front end converter using SVPWM technique. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Power and Energy Systems. Bhopalx, 2016. 339–344
Hasan N, Wang H J, Saha T, et al. A novel position sensorless power transfer control of lumped coil-based in-motion wireless power transfer systems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. Montreal, 2015. 586–593
Hou J, Chen Q H, Wong S C, et al. Analysis and control of series/series-parallel compensated resonant converter for contactless power transfer. IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Power Electron, 2015, 3: 124–136
Zhang Y, Chen K, He F, et al. Closed-form oriented modeling and analysis of wireless power transfer system with constant-voltage source and load. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2016, 31: 3472–3481
Choi W P, Ho W C, Liu X, et al. Comparative study on power conversion methods for wireless battery charging platform, In: Proceedings of 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference. Wuhan, 2010. 339–344
Nguyen B X, Vilathgamuwa D M, Foo G H B, et al. An efficiency optimization scheme for bidirectional inductive power transfer systems. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2015, 30: 6310–6319
Tan P G, He H B, Gao X P. Phase compensation, ZVS operation of wireless power transfer system based on SOGI-PLL. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. Long Beach, 2016. 3185–3188
Wang S, Gao D W, Chen S. A new parameter adjustment procedure for the development of a ZVS double-sided LC compensated 4-coil wireless charging system. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems. Chiba, 2016. 1–6
Zhong W X, Hui S Y R. Maximum energy efficiency tracking for wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2015, 30: 4025–4034
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, F., Chen, K., Zhao, Z. et al. Analysis of transmitter-side control methods in wireless EV charging systems. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 61, 1492–1501 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017-9224-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017-9224-4