Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with the asymptotic behavior, as \(u\rightarrow\infty\), of \(\text{P}\left\{ {{{\sup }_{t \in [0,T]}}{X_u}(t) > u} \right\}\), where \(X_u(t),t\in[0,T],u>0\) is a family of centered Gaussian processes with continuous trajectories. A key application of our findings concerns \(\text{P}\left\{ {{{\sup }_{t \in [0,T]}}(X(t) + g(t)) > u} \right\}\), as \(u\rightarrow\infty\), for X a centered Gaussian process and g some measurable trend function. Further applications include the approximation of both the ruin time and the ruin probability of the Brownian motion risk model with constant force of interest.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adler R, Taylor J. Random Fields and Geometry. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. New York: Springer, 2007
Arendarczyk M. On the asymptotics of supremum distribution for some iterated processes. Extremes, 2017, 20: 451–474
Azaïs J, Wschebor M. Level Sets and Extrema of Random Processes and Fields. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2009
Bai L. Extremes of α(t)-locally stationary Gaussian processes with non-constant variances. J Math Anal Appl, 2017, 446: 248–263
Bai L, Dȩbicki K, Hashorva E, et al. On generalised Piterbarg constants. Methodol Comput Appl Probab, 2018, 20: 137–164
Berman S M. Sojourns and extremes of Gaussian processes. Ann Probab, 1974, 2: 999–1026
Berman S M. Sojourns and Extremes of Stochastic Processes. The Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Statistics/Probability Series. Pacific Grove: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Advanced Books & Software, 1992
Bingham N H, Goldie C M, Teugels J L. Regular Variation, Volume 27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989
Bischoff W, Miller F, Hashorva E, et al. Asymptotics of a boundary crossing probability of a Brownian bridge with general trend. Methodol Comput Appl Probab, 2003, 5: 271–287
Cheng D. Excursion probabilities of isotropic and locally isotropic Gaussian random fields on manifolds. Extremes, 2017, 20: 475–487
Cheng D, Schwartzman A. Distribution of the height of local maxima of Gaussian random fields. Extremes, 2015, 18: 213–240
Cheng D, Xiao Y. The mean Euler characteristic and excursion probability of Gaussian random fields with stationary increments. Ann Appl Probab, 2016, 26: 722–759
Dȩbicki K. A note on LDP for supremum of Gaussian processes over infinite horizon. Statist Probab Lett, 1999, 44: 211–219
Dȩbicki K. Ruin probability for Gaussian integrated processes. Stochastic Process Appl, 2002, 98: 151–174
Dȩbicki K, Engelke S, Hashorva E. Generalized Pickands constants and stationary max-stable processes. Extremes, 2017, 20: 493–517
Dȩbicki K, Hashorva E. On extremal index of max-stable stationary processes. Probab Math Statist, 2017, 37: 299–317
Dȩbicki K, Hashorva E, Ji L. Tail asymptotics of supremum of certain Gaussian processes over threshold dependent random intervals. Extremes, 2014, 17: 411–429
Dȩbicki K, Hashorva E, Ji L. Gaussian risk model with financial constraints. Scand Actuar J, 2015, 6: 469–481
Dȩbicki K, Hashorva E, Ji L. Parisian ruin of self-similar Gaussian risk processes. J Appl Probab, 2015, 52: 688–702
Dȩbicki K, Hashorva E, Ji L. Parisian ruin over a finite-time horizon. Sci China Math, 2016, 59: 557–572
Dȩbicki K, Hashorva E, Ji L, et al. Extremes of vector-valued Gaussian processes: Exact asymptotics. Stochastic Process Appl, 2015, 125: 4039–4065
Dȩbicki K, Hashorva E, Liu P. Ruin probabilities and passage times of γ-reflected Gaussian process with stationary increments. ESAIM Probab Stat, 2017, doi: 10.1051/ps/2017019
Dȩbicki K, Hashorva E, Liu P. Uniform tail approximation of homogenous functionals of Gaussian fields. Adv in Appl Probab, 2017, 49: 1037–1066
Dȩbicki K, Kosiński K. On the infimum attained by the re ected fractional Brownian motion. Extremes, 2014, 17: 431–446
Dȩbicki K, Kisowski P. Asymptotics of supremum distribution of α(t)-locally stationary Gaussian processes. Stochastic Process Appl, 2018, 118: 2022–2037
Dȩbicki K, Rolski T. A note on transient Gaussian fluid models. Queueing Syst, 2002, 41: 321–342
Dȩbicki K, Tabiś K. Extremes of the time-average of stationary Gaussian processes. Stochastic Process Appl, 2011, 121: 2049–2063
Dieker A B. Extremes of Gaussian processes over an infinite horizon. Stochastic Process Appl, 2005, 115: 207–248
Dieker A B, Mikosch T. Exact simulation of Brown-Resnick random fields at a finite number of locations. Extremes, 2015, 18: 301–314
Dieker A B, Yakir B. On asymptotic constants in the theory of Gaussian processes. Bernoulli, 2014, 20: 1600–1619
Emanuel D C, Harrison J M, Taylor A J. A diffusion approximation for the ruin function of a risk process with compounding assets. Scand Actuar J, 1975, 4: 240–247
Embrechts P, Klüppelberg C, Mikosch T. Modelling Extremal Events. Applications of Mathematics, vol. 33. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997
Geluk J L, de Haan L. Regular Variation, Extensions and Tauberian Theorems. CWI Tract Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, vol. 40. Amsterdam: Centrum Wisk Inform, 1987
Gnedenko B V, Korolyuk V S. Some remarks on the theory of domains of attraction of stable distributions. Dopovidi Akad Nauk Ukrain RSR, 1950, 1950: 275–278
Harper A J. Bounds on the suprema of Gaussian processes, and omega results for the sum of a random multiplicative function. Ann Appl Probab, 2013, 23: 584–616
Harper A J. Pickands’ constant hα does not equal 1/γ(1/α) for small α. Bernoulli, 2017, 23: 582–602
Harrison J M. Ruin problems with compounding assets. Stochastic Process Appl, 1977, 5: 67–79
Hashorva E. Representations of max-stable processes via exponential tilting. Stochastic Process Appl, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.spa.2017.10.003
Hashorva E, Hüsler J. Extremes of Gaussian processes with maximal variance near the boundary points. Methodol Comput Appl Probab, 2000, 2: 255–269
Hashorva E, Ji L. Approximation of passage times of γ-reflected processes with FBM input. J Appl Probab, 2014, 51: 713–726
Hashorva E, Ji L. Piterbarg theorems for chi-processes with trend. Extremes, 2015, 18: 37–64
Hashorva E, Ji L. Extremes of α(t)-locally stationary Gaussian random fields. Trans Amer Math Soc, 2016, 368: 1–26
Hashorva E, Ji L, Piterbarg V I. On the supremum of γ-reflected processes with fractional Brownian motion as input. Stochastic Process Appl, 2013, 123: 4111–4127
Hüsler J. Extreme values and high boundary crossings of locally stationary Gaussian processes. Ann Probab, 1990, 18: 1141–1158
Hüsler J, Piterbarg V I. Extremes of a certain class of Gaussian processes. Stochastic Process Appl, 1999, 83: 257–271
Hüsler J, Piterbarg V I. On the ruin probability for physical fractional Brownian motion. Stochastic Process Appl, 2004, 113: 315–332
Hüsler J, Piterbarg V I. A limit theorem for the time of ruin in a Gaussian ruin problem. Stochastic Process Appl, 2008, 118: 2014–2021
Meyer P A. Probability and Potentials. Waltham: Blaisdell, 1966
Michna Z. Remarks on pickands constant. Probab Math Statist, 2017, 37: 373–393
Pickands III J. Maxima of stationary Gaussian processes. Z Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie verw Gebiete, 1967, 7: 190–223
Pickands III J. Upcrossing probabilities for stationary Gaussian processes. Trans Amer Math Soc, 1969, 145: 51–73
Piterbarg V I. On the paper by J. Pickands “Upcrossing probabilities for stationary Gaussian processes”. Vestnik Moskov Univ Ser I Mat Mekh, 1972, 27: 25–30
Piterbarg V I. Asymptotic Methods in the Theory of Gaussian Processes and Fields. Translations of Mathematical Monographs, vol. 148. Providence: Amer Math Soc, 1996
Piterbarg V I. Twenty Lectures about Gaussian Processes. London-New York: Atlantic Financial Press, 2015
Piterbarg V I. High extrema of Gaussian chaos processes. Extremes, 2016, 19: 253–272
Piterbarg V I, Prisjažnjuk V P. Asymptotic behavior of the probability of a large excursion for a nonstationary Gaussian process. Teor Verojatnost i Mat Statist, 1978, 18: 121–134
Piterbarg V I, Stamatovich S. On maximum of Gaussian non-centered fields indexed on smooth manifolds. In: Asymptotic Methods in Probability and Statistics with Applications. Statistics for Industry and Technology. Boston: Birkhäuser, 2001, 189–203
Resnick S I. Heavy-Tail Phenomena. Springer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering. New York: Springer, 2007
Shao Q M. Bounds and estimators of a basic constant in extreme value theory of Gaussian processes. Statist Sinica, 1996, 6: 245–258
Soulier P. Some Applications of Regular Variation in Probability and Statistics. XXII Escuela Venezolana de Matemáticas. Caracas: Instituto Venezolano de Investígaciones Cientcas, 2009
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 200021-166274) and the National Science Centre (Poland) (Grant No. 2015/17/B/ST1/01102) (2016–2019). The authors are thankful to the referees for several suggestions which have significantly improved their manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bai, L., Dȩbicki, K., Hashorva, E. et al. Extremes of threshold-dependent Gaussian processes. Sci. China Math. 61, 1971–2002 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-017-9225-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-017-9225-7