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Effects of artificial aeration and iron inputs on the transformation of carbon and phosphorus in a typical wetland soil

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Artificial aeration changes the redox conditions at the soil surface. The introduction of iron (Fe) into wetlands can influence carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) cycling under the fluctuating redox conditions. However, artificial Fe introduced into wetlands is uncommon, and there are no Fe dose guidelines. We compared aerobic and anaerobic conditions to test the hypothesis that Fe addition can, although redox-dependent, affect P forms and the coupling of organic C.

Materials and methods

Twenty-four intact soil cores were collected randomly from a lacustrine wetland of Lake Xiaoxingkai. And representative and homogeneous seedlings of Glyceria spiculosa were collected. The incubation was designed with two treatment factors: Fe/P ratio (5 or 10) and high and low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (> 6 and < 2 mg L−1, respectively). Four groups with three replicates were separated randomly and labeled as aerobic + plant treatment, anaerobic + plant treatment, and aerobic or anaerobic treatment (control).

Results and discussion

The DO concentrations were stratified, decreasing with soil depth and increasing with time, especially under aerobic conditions. The Eh values generally increased with fluctuations under aerobic conditions. The artificial aeration substantially changed the redox environment at the water–soil interface. Of the total P, 45% was in the reactive Fe-bound P, indicating that Lake Xiaoxingkai had high internal P loading. No significant differences were observed in total Fe, amorphous Fe, and organic C at the soil surface between the two Fe/P ratios; however, a significant difference in free Fe was observed. And soil amorphous Fe was found to be a significant correlation with soil organic C, indicating that iron oxides were related with the soil chemical properties.

Conclusions

After short-term incubation, Fe addition can affect the cycling of major elements in wetlands, although this effect is redox dependent. Excessive Fe doses may result in regional environmental risks, such as eutrophication and C sinks of wetland ecosystems. Large-scale controlled experiments are needed to fully understand the behaviors of soil elements in wetlands.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0500408), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271107, 41471079), and the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS (IGA-135-05). And we would like to thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for providing linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China

    Linlin Zhang, Sijian Zhang, Xueying Jia, Xiaofei Yu & Yuanchun Zou

  2. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China

    Linlin Zhang

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Linlin Zhang, Ze Tang, Sijian Zhang & Xueying Jia

  4. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China

    Ze Tang

  5. School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia

    Guangzhi Sun

Authors
  1. Linlin Zhang
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  2. Ze Tang
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  3. Sijian Zhang
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  4. Xueying Jia
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  5. Xiaofei Yu
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  7. Yuanchun Zou
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuanchun Zou.

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Responsible editor: Zhenli He

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Zhang, L., Tang, Z., Zhang, S. et al. Effects of artificial aeration and iron inputs on the transformation of carbon and phosphorus in a typical wetland soil. J Soils Sediments 18, 3244–3255 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-1988-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-1988-1

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