Abstract
Purpose
A comparison was made between three chemical methods to predict bioaccessibility of triclosan (TCS), bisphenol A (BPA), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in marine sediments, involving an exchangeable (E) value, butanol extractions, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-HPCD) extractions.
Materials and methods
A 60-day batch experiment was undertaken where the aqueous phase was analyzed by GC-MS/MS. The bioaccessibility study based on the E value model involved monitoring stable isotopes exchanging with the bioaccessible phase, while this exchangeability was also estimated with sediment extractions with butanol and β-HPCD, respectively.
Results and discussion
Based on the E value method, TCS was readily exchangeable for up to 7 days, while after this period become virtually non-exchangeable (not detected in aqueous phase). This trend was also evident for butanol and β-HPCD extractions, suggesting TCS was strongly complexed with the matrix. For BPA and EE2, the fraction considered exchangeable was higher after 14 days and the extraction efficiency was slightly higher for the butanol treatment.
Conclusions
Chemical methods to predict bioaccessibility in marine sediments have demonstrated differences between selected contaminants, but agreement between methods. Triclosan shows the highest affinity with tested sediments, some exchangeability in the first days of interaction of E value experiment as well as observed for extraction methods. However, the highest capacity to be extracted from already-sorbed phase was observed for BPA, showed in both extraction methods, and confirming its mobility and bioaccessibility in sediments over the time.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bayen S, Zhang H, Desai MM, Ooi SK, Kelly BC (2013) Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceutically active and endocrine disrupting compounds in Singapore’s marine environment: influence of hydrodynamics and physical-chemical properties. Environ Pollut 182:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.028
Boehler S, Strecker R, Heinrich P, Prochazka E, Northcott GL, Ataria JM, Leusch FDL, Braunbeck T, Tremblay LA (2017) Assessment of urban stream sediment pollutants entering estuaries using chemical analysis and multiple bioassays to characterize biological activities. Sci Total Environ 593–594:498–507
Cantwell MG, Wilson BA, Zhu J, Wallace GT, King JW, Olsen CR, Burgess RM, Smith JP (2010) Temporal trends of triclosan contamination in dated sediment cores from four urbanized estuaries: evidence of preservation and accumulation. Chemosphere 78(4):347–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.021
Campillo N, Aguinaga N, Viñas P, López-Garcia I, Hernández-Córdoba M (2004) Speciation of organotin compounds in waters and marine sediments using purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. Anal Chim Acta 525(2):273–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.07.054
Corrotea Y, Richter P, Brown S, Sepúlveda B, Ascar L, Ahumada I (2016) Determination of the bioavailable fraction of triclosan in biosolid-treated soils using predictive method and wheat plant bioassays. J Soils Sediments 16(5):1538–1546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1348-3
Cui X, Mayer P, Gan J (2013) Methods to assess bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants: principles, operations and limitations. Environ Pollut 172:223–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.09.013
Cunha BB, Botero WG, Oliveira LC, Carlos VM, Pompeo MLM, Fraceto LF, Rosa AH (2012) Kinetics and adsorption isotherms of bisphenol A, estrone, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethynylestradiol in tropical sediment samples. Water Air Soil Pollut 223(1):329–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0861-2
Cuypers C, Pancras T, Grotenhuis T, Rulkens W (2002) The estimation of PAH bioavailability in contaminated sediments using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Triton X-100 extraction techniques. Chemosphere 46(8):1235–1245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00199-0
Dafforn KA, Simpson SL, Kelaher BP, Clarck GF, Komyakova V, Wong CKC, Johnston E (2012) The challenge of choosing environmental indicators of anthropogenic impacts in estuaries. Environ Pollut 163:207–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.029
Delgado-Moreno L, Gan J (2013) A stable isotope method for measuring bioavailability of organic contaminants. Environ Pollut 176:171–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.036
Dhillon GS, Kaur S, Pulicharla R, Brar SK, Clédon M, Verma M, Surampalli RY (2015) Triclosan: Current Status, Occurrence, Environmental Risks and Bioaccumulation Potential. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:5657–5684
Ding H, Hou J, Wang Q, Wu Y (2015) Sorption behavior and modelling of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on natural sediments: role of biofilm covered on surface. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(2):1380–1388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3449-8
Ebele AJ, Abdallah MAE, Harrad S (2017) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment. Emerg Contam 3(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2016.12.004
Fent K (2006) Ecotoxicological problems associated with contaminated sites. Toxicol Lett 140-141:353–365
Fernandes M, Shareef A, Kookana R, Gaylard S, Hoare S, Kildea T (2011) The distribution of triclosan and methyl-triclosan in marine sediment of Barker Inlet, South Australia. J Environ Monit 13:801–806
Flint S, Marckle T, Thompson S, Wallace E (2012) Bisphenol exposure, effects, and policy: a wildlife perspective. J Environ Manag 104:19–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.021
Hamon RE, Bertrand I, McLaughlin MJ (2002) Use and abuse of isotopic exchange data in soil chemistry. Aust J Soil Res 40(8):1371–1381. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR02046
Harmsen J (2007) Measuring bioavailability: from a scientific approach to standard methods. J Environ Qual 36(5):1420–1428. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0492
He H, Gao Z, Zhu D, Guo J, Yang S, Li S, Zhang L, Sun C (2017) Assessing bioaccessibility and bioavailability of chlorinated organophosphorous flame retardants in sediments. Chemosphere 189:239–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.017
Huang X, Wu C, Hu H, Yu Y, Liu J (2015) Sorption and degradation of triclosan in sediments and its effect on microbes. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 116:76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.002
Karnjanapiboonwong A, Morse AN, Maul JD, Anderson TA (2010) Sorption of estrogens, triclosan and caffeine in a sandy loam and a silt loam soil. J Soils Sediments 10(7):1300–1307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0223-5
Kono H, Onishi K, Nakamura T (2013) Characterization and bisphenol A adsorption capacity of β-cyclodextrin-carboxymerthylcellulose-based hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 98(1):784–792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.065
Lee LS, Strock TJ, Sarmah AK, Rao PSC (2003) Sorption and dissipation of testosterone, estrogens, and their primary transformation products in soils and sediment. Environ Sci Technol 37(18):4098–4105. https://doi.org/10.1021/es020998t
Li H, Helm PA, Metcalfe CD (2010) Sampling in the great lakes for pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disrupting substances using passive polar organic chemical interactive sampler. Environ Toxicol Chem 29(4):751–762. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.104
Limousin G, Gaudet JP, Charlet L, Szenknect S, Barthes V, Krimissa M (2007) Sorption isotherms: a review on physical bases, modelling and measurement. Appl Geochem 22(2):249–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.09.010
Lin H, YY H, Zhang XY, Guo YP, Chen GR (2011) Sorption of triclosan onto sediments and its distribution behavior in sediment-water-rhamnolipid systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 30(11):2416–2422. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.642
Liste HH, Alexander M (2002) Butanol extraction to predict bioavailability of PAHs in soil. Chemosphere 46(7):1011–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00165-5
Lu X, Reible DD, Fleeger JW, Chai Y (2003) Bioavailability of desorption-resistant phenanthrene to the oligochaete Ilyodrilus templetoni. Environ Toxicol Chem 22(1):153–160
Martínez-Hernández V, Mefle R, Herrera S, Arranz E, Bustamante I (2014) Sorption desorption of non-hydrophobic and ionisable pharmaceutical and personal care products from reclaimed water onto/from a natural sediment. Sci Total Environ 472:273–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.036
Morcilo Y, Borghi V, Porte C (1997) Survey of organotin compounds in the western Mediterranean using mollusks and fish as sentinel organisms. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32:198–203
Morrison G, Chapman G (1990) Supplemental methods and status reports for short-term saltwater toxicity tests; ERL Contrib. No. 1199; Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, p 127
NRC (2003) Bioavailability of contaminants in soils and sediments: process, tools and applications. National Academy Press, Washington
OECD (2000) OECD Guideline 106 for testing of chemicals: adsorption-desorption using a bath equilibrium model. http://www.oecd-library.org/environment/test-no-106. Accessed 13 Mar 2013
Ortega-Calvo JJ, Harmsen J, Parsons JR, Semple KT, Aitken MD, Charmaine A, Eadsforth C, Galay-Burgos M, Naidu R, Oliver R, Peijnenburg WJGM, Romblke J, Streck G, Versonnen B (2015) From bioavailability science to regulation of organic chemicals. Environ Sci Technol 49(17):10255–10264. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02412
Reid BJ, Stokes JD, Jones KJ, Semple KT (2000) Nonexhaustive cyclodextrin-based extraction technique for the evaluation of PAH bioavailability. Environ Sci Technol 34(15):3174–3179. https://doi.org/10.1021/es990946c
Robinson BJ, Hellou J (2009) Biodegradation of endocrine disrupting compounds in harbor seawater and sediments. Sci Total Environ 407(21):5713–5718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.003
Sanchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Albero B, Tadeo JL (2010) Determination of triclosan and methyltriclosan in environmental solid samples by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 33(17-18):2768–2775. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201000284
Scharzenbach RP, Gscwend PM, Imboden DM (2003) Environmental organic chemistry, 2nd edn. Wiley Interscience, Hoboken
Song Y, Wang F, Yang X, Lui C, Kengara FO, Jin X, Jiang X (2011) Chemical extraction to assess the bioavailability of chlorobenzenes in soil with different aging periods. J Soils Sediments 11(8):1345–1354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-011-0414-8
Sun K, Jin J, Gao B, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Pan Z, Xu D, Zhao Y (2012) Sorption of 17α-Ethynylestradiol, bisphenol A and pheanthrene to different size fractions of soil and sediment. Chemosphere 88(5):577–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.034
Swindell AL, Reid BJ (2007) Evaluating the burden of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soils and sediments: an appraisal of methodologies. Chapter 7. In: Plattenberg RH (ed) Environmental Pollution, new research. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 225–261
Tian C, Wang J, Song X (2009) Sediment-water interactions of bisphenol A under simulated marine conditions. Water Air Soil Pollut 199(1-4):301–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9879-5
Williams M, Kookana R (2010) Isotopic exchangeability as a measure of the available fraction of the human pharmaceutical carbamazepine in river sediment. Sci Total Environ 408(17):3689–3695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.012
Wu P, Yang GP, Zhao XK (2003) Sorption behavior of 2,4-dichlorophenol on marine sediment. J Colloid Interface Sci 265(2):251–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00515-0
Xu J, Wu L, Chang AC (2009) Degradation and adsorption of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in agricultural soils. Chemosphere 77(10):1299–1305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.063
Ying G, Kookana R (2003) Degradation of five selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in seawater and marine sediment. Environ Sci Technol 37(7):1256–1260. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0262232
Yu Z, Xiao B, Huang W, Peng P (2004) Sorption of steroid estrogens to solids and sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 23(3):531–539. https://doi.org/10.1897/03-192
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Jun Du and Sheridan Martin (CSIRO Land and Water) for contaminant analysis and sample preparation and Sam Gaylard (SA Environment Protection Authority) for making sediment samples available.
Funding
Dr. Dayana Moscardi dos Santos thanks the FAPESP (grant no. 12/17898-7 and 13/09437-2, São Paulo Research Foundation) for the financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Jan Schwarzbauer
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 148 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
dos Santos, D.M., Williams, M., Kookana, R. et al. Predicting bioaccessibility of contaminants of emerging concern in marine sediments using chemical methods. J Soils Sediments 18, 1720–1728 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1905-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1905-z