Abstract
This paper aims to identify and evaluate the landscape and natural resource (traditional ecological knowledge) social values of marine and coastal ecosystem services (MCESs) in Kyrenia (Girne) Region of Northern Cyprus. To this end, the objectives of the study were (1) to identify and evaluate the key landscape social values of MCESs, and (2) to record and assess the major marine and coastal natural resources harvested as traditional ecological knowledge. Participatory and deliberative research techniques were used to uncover both value types. The data on the marine and coastal natural resources as traditional ecological knowledge were obtained from the stakeholders through 6 in-depth discussion groups and 9 in-depth interviews. The quantitative data on the landscape social values of MCESs were collected with a questionnaire designed. Within this context; the respondents scored the importance of MCESs on a five-point Likert scale. The results showed that the stakeholders hold six landscape social values of MCESs: aesthetic, entertainment, life-sustaining, biodiversity, recreation, and nutrition. However, the total average relative degree of MCESs was found to be very low with 1.71 points. Besides, it was determined that the stakeholders harvest 29 fishes and 3 plant species from the marine and coastal ecosystems. The landscape and natural resource social values of MCESs, and relevant traditional ecological knowledge are important cultural heritage and guiding principles, which should be incorporated into the landscape and natural resource management policies in the region and elsewhere. A greater focus should also be given to integrating the values identified in the ecosystem services assessment.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.


Data availability
The all dataset was presented in the manuscript.
References
Adamowicz WL (1995) Alternative valuation techniques: a comparison and movement to a synthesis. In: Willis KG, Corkindale JT (eds) Environmental Valuation: New Directions. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 144–159
Agbenyega O, Burgess PJ, Cook M, Morris J (2009) Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands. Land Use Policy 26:551e557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.08.011
Baral H, Jaung W, Bhatta L.D, Phuntsho S, Sharma S, Paudyal K, Zarandian A, Sears R.R, Sharma R, Dorji T, Artati Y (2017) Approaches and tools for assessing mountain forest ecosystem services. Working Paper 235. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.
Barbier EB, Hacker SD, Kennedy C, Koch EW, Stier AC, Silliman BR (2011) The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services. Ecol Monogr 81(2):169–193. https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1510.1
Berkes F (2008) Sacred Ecology, 2nd edn. Routledge
Boyd J, Banzhaf S (2007) What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units. Ecol Econ 63:616–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.01.002
Brown G (2004) Mapping spatial attributes in survey research for natural resource management: methods and applications. Soc Nat Resour 18(1):17–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920590881853
Brown G (2013) The relationship between social values for ecosystem services and global land cover: an empirical analysis. Ecosyst Serv 5:58–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.06.004
Brown G, Brabyn L (2012a) The extrapolation of social landscape values to a national level in New Zealand using landscape character classification. Appl Geogr 35(1-2):84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.002
Brown G, Brabyn L (2012b) An analysis of the relationships between multiple values and physical landscapes at a regional scale using public participation GIS and landscape character classification. Landsc Urban Plan 107(3):317–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.007
Brown GG, Reed P (2009) Public participation GIS: a new method for use in national forest planning. For Sci 55(2):166–182 Available at: https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/28830/PDF (cited on 22.04.2020).
Bryan BA, Raymond C, Crossman ND, King D (2011) Comparing spatially explicit ecological and social values for natural areas to identify effective conservation strategies. Conserv Biol 25:172–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01560.x
Chan KMA, Satterfield T, Goldstein J (2012) Rethinking ecosystem services to better address and navigate cultural values. Ecol Econ 74:8–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.11.011
Christie M, Fazey I, Cooper R, Hyde T, Kenter JO (2012) An evaluation of monetary and non-monetary techniques for assessing the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem services to people in countries with developing economies. Ecol Econ 83:67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.08.012
Chung MG, Kang H, Choi S-U (2015) Assessment of coastal ecosystem services for conservation strategies in South Korea. PLoS ONE 10(7):e0133856. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133856
Ciftcioglu GC (2017) Assessment of the resilience of social-ecological landscapes and seascapes: a case study from Lefke Region of the North Cyprus. Ecol Indic 73:128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.09.036
Ciftcioglu GC (2020) Using a combination of Q-methodology and survey-based approach for assessing forest ecosystem services of Five Finger Mountains in Northern Cyprus. Sustain Sci 15:1789–1805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00824-8
Çoker T, Akyol O (2014) An overview on the fish diversity in the coasts of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Mediterranean). Ege J Fish Aqua Sci 31(2):113–118. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2014.31.02.08
Cole Z, Holland S, Donohoe H (2015) A social values typology for comprehensive assessment of coastal zone ecosystem services. Soc Nat Resour 28:1290–1307. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1020580
Costanza R, d’Arge R, de Groot R, Farber S, Grasso M, Hannon B, Naeem S, Limburg K, Naeem S, O’Neill RV, Peruelo J, Raskin RG, Sutton P, van den Belt M (1997) The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387:253–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00020-2
Cuttelod A, Garcia N, Malak DA, Temple H, Katariya V (2008) The Mediterranean a biodiversity hotspot under threat. IUCN, Gland
Daily GC (1997) Introduction: What are ecosystem services? In: Daily GC (ed) Nature’s Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 1–10
de Groot RS (1992) Functions of Nature. Wolters - Noordhoff
de Groot RS, Wilson MA, Boumans RMJ (2002) A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecol Econ 41(3):393–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00089-7
de Groot R, Fisher B, Christie M, Aronson J, Braat L, Haines-Young R, Gowdy J, Maltby E, Neuville A, Polasky S, Portela R, Ring I (2010) Integrating the ecological and economic dimensions in biodiversity and ecosystem service valuation. In: Kumar P (ed) The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations. Earthscan, London
Delipetrou P, Makhzoumi J, Dimopoulos P, Georghiou K (2008) Cyprus. In: Vogiatzakis IN, Pungetti G, Mannion AM (eds) Mediterranean Island Landscapes, Landscape Series, vol 9. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5064-0_9
Diaz S, Demissew S, Carabia J, Joly C, Lonsdale M, Ash N, Larigauderie A, Adhikari JR, Arico S, Báldi A, Bartuska A, Baste IA, Bilgin A, Brondizio E, Chan KM, Figueroa VE, Duraiappah A, Fischer M, Hill R, Koetz T, Leadley P, Lyver P, Mace GM, Martin-Lopez B, Okumura M, Pacheco D, Pascual U, Pérez ES, Reyers B, Roth E, Saito O, Scholes RJ, Sharma N, Tallis H, Thaman R, Watson R, Yahara T, Abdul Hamid Z, Akosim C, Al-Hafedh Y, Allahverdiyev R, Amankwah E, Asah ST, Asfaw Z, Bartus G, Brooks LA, Caillaux J, Dalle G, Darnaedi D, Driver A, Erpul G, Escobar-Eyzaguirre P, Failler P, Fouda AMM, Fu B, Gundimeda H, Hashimoto S, Homer F, Lavorel S, Lichtenstein G, Mala WA, Mandivenyi W, Matczak P, Mbizvo C, Mehrdadi M, Metzger JP, Mikissa JB, Moller H, Mooney HA, Mumby P, Nagendra H, Nesshover C, Oteng-Yeboah AA, Pataki G, Roué M, Rubis J, Schultz M, Smith P, Sumaila R, Takeuchi K, Thomas S, Verma M, Yeo-Chang Y, Zlatanova D (2015) The IPBES Conceptual framework – connecting nature and people. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 14:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.002
Drius M, Bongiomi L, Pugnetti A. (2017). An overview on the Mediterranean coastal ecosystem services, with special focus on the cultural service recreation and tourism, is provided. Technical Report, September 2017. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21997.49122.
Duarte CM, Losada IJ, Hendriks I, Mazarrasa I, Marba N (2013) The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Nat Clim Chang 3(11):961–968. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1970
EEA (European Environment Agency). (2014). Horizon 2020 Mediterranean report. Toward shared environmental information systems. EEA-UNEP/MAP joint report. https://doi.org/10.2800/13326.
Ernoul L, Wardell-Johnson A, Willm L, Béchet A, Boutron O, Mathevet R, Arnassant S, Sandoz A (2018) Participatory mapping: exploring landscape values associated with an iconic species. Appl Geogr 95:71–78
Farber SC, Costanza R, Wilson MA (2002) Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services. Ecol Econ 41(3):375–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00088-5
Fish, R., Burgess, J., Chilvers, J. Footitt, A., Haines-Young, R. Russel, D., Winter, D.M. (2011). Participatory and deliberative techniques to embed an ecosystems approach into decision making: an introductory guide. (Defra Project Code: NR0124).
Fisher B, Turner RK, Morling P (2009) Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making. Ecol Econ 68(3):643–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.09.014
Fisher B, Bateman I, Turner RK (2011) Valuing ecosystem services: Benefits, values, space and time. In: Ecosystem Services Economics (ESE) Working Paper Series, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, Paper No 3. Kenya, UNEP.
Folke C, Carpenter SR, Walker B, Scheffer M, Chapin T, Rockström J (2010) Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecol Soc 15(4):20
Fuller W, Yalinca G.K, Seffer J, Stanova S, Özden Ö, Hessenberg C, Kara C. (2011). Akdeniz ÖÇKB için Yönetim Planı. Kıbrıs’ın kuzey kesimindeki potansiyel NATURA 2000 bölgelerinin yönetimi ve korunması için teknik yardım. Lefkoşa 2011.
Hacıoğulları İ. (2017). Saliva species of Cyprus and spatial distribution analysis of Salvia Veneris Hedge endemic to Northern Cyprus. Near East University. MS Thesis in Landscape Architecture. Nicosia. Available at http://docs.neu.edu.tr/library/6674841274.pdf (cited on 01.12.2020).
Hagan K, Williams S (2016) Oceans of discourses: utilizing Q Methodology for analyzing perceptions on marine biodiversity conservation in the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. Front Mar Sci 3(188). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00188
Haines-Young R, Potschin MB (2010) The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. Ecosys Ecol 1:110–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511750458.007
Haines-Young R.H and Potschin M. (2013). Common international classification of ecosystem services (CICES): consultation on version 4, August-December 2012. EEA Framework Contract No EEA/IEA/09/003. Available at: https://cices.eu/content/uploads/sites/8/2012/07/CICES-V43_Revised-Final_Report_29012013.pdf (cited on 05.12.2019).
Haines-Young R.H and Potschin M. (2014). Typology/Classification of ecosystem services. In: Potschin M and Jax K (eds) OpenNESS Ecosystem Services Reference Book, EC FP7 Grant Agreement No. 308428. Available at: http://www.openness-project.eu/sites/default/files/SP_Classification_of_ecosystem_services.pdf (cited on 05.12.2019).
Haines-Young R and Potschin M.B. (2018). Common international classification of ecosystem services (CICES) V5.1 and guidance on the application of the revised structure. Available at: https://cices.eu/content/uploads/sites/8/2018/01/Guidance-V51-01012018.pdf (cited on 05.12.2019).
Hawkins K. (2003). Economic valuation of ecosystem services. University of Minnesota, October 2003. Available at: https://mn.gov/frc/documents/council/landscape/SE%20Landscape/MFRC_Economic_Valuation_EcosystemServices_SE_2003-10-01_Report.pdf. Accessed 29 Jan 2021.
Himes-Cornell A, Pendleton L, Atiyah P (2018) Valuing ecosystem services from blue forests: a systemetic review of the valuation of salt marshes, sea grass beds and mangrove forests. Ecosyst Serv 30:36–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.01.006
Kelemen E and Gómez-Baggethun E (2008) Participatory methods for valuing ecosystem services. THEMES Summer School, Lisbon 26.05.-05.06.2008. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eszter_Kelemen/publication/247773660_Participatory_Methods_for_Valuing_Ecosystem_Services/links/02e7e51dd0cc9f0c6a000000/Participatory-Methods-for-Valuing-Ecosystem-Services.pdf (accessed on 21.07.2019).
Kelemen E, García-Llorente M, Pataki G, Martín-López B, and Gómez-Baggethun E. (2014). Non-monetary techniques for the valuation of ecosystem service. In: Potschin M and Jax K (eds) OpenNESS Reference Book. www.openness-project.eu/library/reference-book (accessed on 04.09.2016)
Kennedy JJ, Thomas JW (1995) Managing natural resources as social value. In: Knight RL, Bates SF (eds) A new century for natural resources management. Island Press, Washington DC, pp 311–322 Available at: https://www.umass.edu/hd/resources/KennedyValues.pdf (cited on 12.12.2019)
Kenter JO (2016) Deliberative and non-monetary valuation. In: Haines-Young R, Potschin M, Fish R, Turner RK (eds) Routledge Handbook of Ecosystem Services, Part II. Routledge, Abingdon
Kenter JO, O’Brien L, Hockley N, Ravenscroft N, Fazey I, Irvine KN, Reed MS, Christie M, Brady E, Bryce R, Church A, Cooper N, Davies A, Evely A, Everard M, Fish R, Fisher JA, Jobstvogt N, Molloy C, Orchard-Webb J, Ranger S, Ryan M, Watson V, Williams S (2015) What are shared and social values of ecosystems? Ecol Econ 111:86–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.01.006
Kindlmann P, Burel F (2008) Connectivity measures: a review. Landsc Ecol 23:879–890
Knights A.M, Koss R.S, Papadopoulou N, Cooper L.H, Robinson L.A. (2011). Sustainable use of European regional seas and the role of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. In: Deliverable 1, EC FP7 Project (244273) ‘Options for Delivering Ecosystem-based Marine Management’, University of Liverpool. ISBN: 978-0-906370-63-6: 165 pp.
La Notte A, D’Amato D, Makinen H, Paracchini ML, Liquete C, Egoh B, Geneletti D, Crossman ND (2017) Ecosystem services classification: a systems ecology perspective of the cascade framework. Ecol Indic 74:392–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.11.030
Lau WWY (2013) Beyond carbon: conceptualizing payments for ecosystem services in blue forests on carbon and other marine and coastal ecosystem services. Ocean Coast Manag 83:5–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.03.011
Lescourret F, Magda D, Richard G, Adam-Blondon A-F, Bardy M, BaudryJ DI, Dumont B, Lefèvre F, Litrico I, Martin-Clouaire R, Montuelle B, Pellerin S, Plantegenest M, Tancoigne E, Thomas A, Guyomard H, Soussana JF (2015) A social–ecological approach to managing multiple agro-ecosystem services. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 14:68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.04.001
MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: biodiversity synthesis. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. (USA)
Maes J, Egoh B, Willemen L, Liquete C, Vihervaara P, Schagner JP, Grizzetti B, Drakou EG, Notte AL, Zulian G, Bouraoui F, Luisa PM, Braat L, Bidoglio G (2012) Mapping ecosystem services for policy support and decision making in the European Union. Ecosyst Serv 1:31–39
Maes J, Liquete C, Teller A, Erhard M, Paracchini ML, Barredo JI, Grizzetti B, Cardoso A, Somma F, Petersen JE, Meiner A, Eva RoyoGelabert ER, Zal N, Kristensen P, Bastrup-Birk A, Biala K, Piroddi C, Egoh B, Degeorges P, Fiorina C, Santos-Martín F, Naruševičius V, Verboven J, Pereira HM, Bengtsson J, Gocheva K, Marta-Pedroso C, Snäll T, Estreguil C, San-Miguel-Ayanz J, Pérez-Soba M, Grêt-Regamey A, Lillebø AI, Malak DA, Condé S, Moen J, Czúcz B, Evangelia GD, Zulian G, Lavalle C (2016) An indicator framework for assessing ecosystem services in support of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. Ecosyst Serv 17:14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.10.023
Makhzoumi J and Pungetti G. (1999). Ecological landscape design and planning, the Mediterranean Context.E & FN SPON, London and New York.
Martínez ML, Intralawan A, Vazquez G, Perez-Maqueo O, Sutton P, Landgrave R (2007) The coasts of our world: ecological, economic and social importance. Ecol Econ 63(2):254–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.10.022
Martín-López B, Gómez-Baggethun E, González JA, Lomas PL, Montes C (2009) The assessment of ecosystem services: rethinking concepts and research needs. In: Aronoff JB (ed) Handbook of nature conservation: global, environmental and economic issues. Nova Science, New York, pp 261–282
Martín-López B, Gómez-Baggethun E, García-Llorente M, Montes C (2014) Trade-offs across value-domains in ecosystem services assessment. Ecol Indic 37:220–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.03.003
Mcleod E, Chmura GL, Bouillon S, Salm R, Mjörk M, Duarte CM, Lovelock CE, Schlesinger WH, Silliman BR (2011) A blueprint for blue carbon: toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2. Front Ecol Environ 9(10):552–560. https://doi.org/10.1890/110004
Meikle R.D. (1977- 1985). Flora of Cyprus, Vol. 1-2. Kew: The Publisher Bentham, Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens.
Milcu AI, Hanspach J, Abson D, Fischer J (2013) Cultural ecosystem services: a literature review and prospects for future research. Ecol Soc 18(3):565–598. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05790-180344
Nijnik M, Miller D (2017) Valuation of ecosystem services: paradox or Pandora’s box for decision-makers? One Ecosyst 2:e14808. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.2.e14808
Nijnik M, Nijnik A, Lundin L, Staszewski T, Postolache C (2010) A study of stakeholders’ perspectives on multifunctional forests in Europe. Forests Trees Livelihoods 19(4):341–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2010.9752677
Oliver TH, Isaac NJB, August TA, Woodcock BA, Roy DB, Bullock JM (2015) Declining resilience of ecosystem functions under biodiversity loss. Nat Commun 6(10122). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10122
Papadakis Y. (2008). History education in divided Cyprus: a comparison of Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot schoolbooks on the ‘History of Cyprus’. PRIO Report 2/2008. International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO).
Pendleton L, Donato DC, Murray BC, Crooks S, Jenkins WA, Sifleet S, Craft C, Fourqurean JW, Kauffman JB, Marba N, Megonigal P, Pidgeon E, Herr D, Gordon D, Baldera A (2012) Estimating global “blue carbon” emissions from conversion and degradation of vegetated coastal ecosystems. PLoS One 7(9):e43542. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043542
Pickett STA, Burch WR, Dalton SE, Foresman TW, Grove JM, Rowntree R (1997) A conceptual framework for the study of human ecosystems in urban areas. Urban Ecosyst 1:185–199
Plieninger T, Kizos T, Bieling C, Le Dû-Blayo L, Budniok M-A, Bürgi M, Crumley CL, Girod G, Howard P, Kolen J, Kuemmerle T, Milcinski G, Palang H, Trommler K, Verburg PH (2015) Exploring ecosystem-change and society through a landscape lens: recent progress in European landscape research. Ecol Soc 20(2):5. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07443-200205
Potschin M, Haines-Young R (2016) Defining and measuring ecosystem services. In: Potschin M, Haines-Young R, Fish R, Turner RK (eds) Routledge Handbook of Ecosystem Services. Routledge, London and New York, pp 25–44
Raymond CM, Bryan BA, MacDonald DH, Cast A, Strathearn S, Grandgirard A, Kalivas T (2009) Mapping community values for natural capital and ecosystem services. Ecol Econ 68(5):1301–1315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.12.006
Raymond CM, Singh GG, Benessaiah K, Bernhardt JR, Levine J, Nelson H, Turner NJ, Norton B, Tam J, Chan KMA (2013) Ecosystem services and beyond: using multiple metaphors to understand human–environment relationships. Adv Biosci 63(7):536–546. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2013.63.7.7
Rosenfeld JS (2002) Functional redundancy in ecology and conservation. Oikos 98:156–162. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980116.x
Santos-Martín F, Martín-López, B., Kelemen E, Jacobs S, LLorente M.G, Barton D, Otero-Rozas E, Palomo I, Heiva V. (2016). Social assessment methods for ecosystem services and applications. Deliverable D4.3 EU Horizon 2020 ESMERALDA Project, Grant agreement No. 642007. Available at: file:///C:/Users/Toshiba/AppData/Local/Packages/Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge_8wekyb3d8bbwe/TempState/Downloads/D4%203%20Social%20Assessment%20Methods%20for%20Ecosystem%20Services_Draft%20(1).pdf (Accessed on 22.04.2020).
Schernewski G, Inácio M, Nazemtseva Y (2018) Expert based ecosystem service assessment in coastal and marine planning and management: a Baltic Lagoon case study. Front Environ Sci 6:19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00019
Scholte SSK, Todorova M, van Teeffelen AJA, Verburg PH (2015a) Public support for wetland restoration: what is the link with ecosystem service values? Wetlands 36:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0755-6
Scholte SSK, van Teeffelen AJA, Verburg PH (2015b) Integrating socio-cultural perspectives into ecosystem service valuation: a review of concepts and methods. Ecol Econ 114:67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.007
Schröter M, van der Zanden EH, van Oudenhoven APE, Remme R, Serna-Chavez HM, de Groot R, Opdam P (2014) Ecosystem services as a contested concept: A synthesis of critique and counter-arguments. Conserv Lett 7(6):514–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12091
Scott MJ, Bilyard GR, Link SO, Ulibarri CA, Westerdahl HE (1998) Valuation of ecological resources and functions. J Environ Manag 22(1):49–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900083
Fuller W.J, Seffer J, Özden Ö, Doğan K, Sefferova V, Stritih J, Kara C. (2011). Alagadi ÖÇKB için Yönetim Planı. Kıbrıs’ın kuzeyindeki potansiyel NATURA 2000 alanlarının korunması ve yönetimi için teknik yardım. Lefkoşa 2011.
Sherrouse B.C. and Semmens D.J. (2015). Social values for ecosystem services, version 3.0 (SolVES 3.0) - Documentation and user manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1008, 65 p., Available at: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151008 (accessed on 04.12.2020).
Sherrouse BC, Clement JM, Semmens DJ (2011) A GIS application for assessing, mapping, and quantifying the social values of ecosystem services. Appl Geogr 31:748–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.08.002
Sodhi NS, Lee TM, Sekercioglu CH, Webb EL, Prawiradilaga DM, Lohman DJ, Pierce NM, Diesmos AC, Rao M, Ehrlich PE (2009) Local people value environmental services provided by forested Parks. Biodivers Conserv 19:1175–1188
Sousa LP, Sousa AI, Alves FL, Lillebø AI (2016) Ecosystem services provided by a complex coastal region: challenges of classification and mapping. Sci Rep 6:22782. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22782
Stålhammar S, Thorén H (2019) Three perspectives on relational values of nature. Sustain Sci 14:1201–1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00718-4
Swinton SM, Lupi F, Robertson GP, Hamilton SK (2007) Ecosystem services and agriculture: cultivating agricultural ecosystems for diverse benefits. Ecol Econ 64:245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.09.020
Takahashi Y, Lopez-Casero F, Natori Y, Dublin D (2019) GEF-Satoyama project working paper: values, knowledge and governance of socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan, and Conservation International Japan, Tokyo
TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) (2010) The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, London
Tsintides TC (1998) The endemic plants of Cyprus. Bank of Cyprus Group, Cyprus
UNEP. (2006). Marine and coastal ecosystems and human well-being: a synthesis report based on the findings of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: UNEP; 2006.
UNEP/MAP (2012) Initial integrated assessment of the Mediterranean Sea: fulfilling step 3 of the ecosystem approach process. United Nations Environment Programme, Mediterranean Action Plan, Athens
UNEP/MAP-Plan Blue. (2008). The Blue Plan’s sustainable development outlook for the Mediterranean, UNEP/MAP.
United Nations (2002) Report of the world summit on sustainable development. United Nations, New York October 2003
UNU-IAS (United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies. (2013). Indicators of resilience in socio-ecological landscapes (SEPLs). UNU-IAS Policy Report (Authors: Bergamini N, Blasiak R, Eyzaguirre, Ichikawa K, Mijatovic D, Nakao F, Subramanian S.M). Available at: http://archive.ias.unu.edu/resource_centre/Indicators-of-resilience-in-sepls_ev.pdf (accessed 21.06.16).
USAID. (2015). USAID Mekong adaptation and resilience to climate change (USAID Mekong ARCC), valuing ecosystem services in the Lower Mekong Basin: country report for Vietnam.
van Zanten BT, van Berkel DB, Meetemeyer RK, Smith JW, Tieskens KF, Verburg PH, Meentemeyer R, Smith JW, Tieskens KF, Verburg PH (2016) Continental scale quantification of landscape values using social media data. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113:1–7
Walz A, Schmidt K, Ruiz-Frau A, Nicholas KA, Bierry A, de VriesLentsch A, Dyankov A, Joyce D, Liski A, Marba N, Rosário IT, Scholte SSK (2019) Sociocultural valuation of ecosystem services for operational ecosystem management: mapping applications by decision contexts in Europe. Reg Environ Chang. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01506-7
Waycott M, Duarte CM, Carruthers TJB, Orth RJ, Dennison WC, Olyarnik S, Calladine A, Fourqurean JW, Heck KL Jr, Hughes AR, Kendrick GA, Kenworthy WJ, Short FT, Williams SL (2009) Accelerating loss of sea grasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. PNAS 106(30):12377–12381. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905620106
Whyte KP (2013) On the role of traditional ecological knowledge as a collaborative concept: a philosophical study. Ecol Process 2:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-1709-2-7
Winkler KJ, Nicholas KA (2016) More than wine: cultural ecosystem services in vineyard landscapes in England and California. Ecol Econ 124:86–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.01.013
WorldAtlas. (2020). Cyprus maps. Available at: https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/cyprus (accessed on 01.12.2020).
Zube EH (1987) Perceived land use patterns and landscape values. Landscape Eco 1(1):37–45
Acknowledgements
I want to thank the anonymous reviewers for his/her careful reading of the manuscript, insightful comments, and suggestions to improve the quality of paper.
Author information
Affiliations
Contributions
GCC was the only contributor in analyzing and interpreting data, and writing the manuscript. The author read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This research study is an original work and has not published elsewhere in any language. Informed consent to participate in this study was obtained from the participants.
Consent for publication
Consent of the individuals, who participated in this study, was obtained.
Competing interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Responsible Editor: V. V.S.S. Sarma
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ciftcioglu, G.C. Participatory and deliberative assessment of the landscape and natural resource social values of marine and coastal ecosystem services: the case of Kyrenia (Girne) Region from Northern Cyprus. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12600-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Keywords
- Marine and coastal ecosystem services
- Ecosystem services assessment
- Landscape social values
- Traditional ecological knowledge
- Participatory and deliberative assessment
- Landscape management