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Elucidating the distinct interactive impact of cadmium and nickel on growth, photosynthesis, metal-homeostasis, and yield responses of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties

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Abstract

Contamination of soils with heavy metals (HMs) caused serious problems because plants tend to absorb HMs from the soil. In view of HM hazards to plants as well as agro-ecosystems, we executed this study to assess metal toxicity to mung bean (Vigna radiata) plants cultivated in soil with six treatment levels of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) and to find metal tolerant variety, i.e., M-93 (V1) and M-1(V2) with multifarious plant biochemical and physiological attributes. Increasing doses of Cd and Ni inhibited plant growth and photosynthesis and both varieties showed highly significant differences in the morpho-physiological attributes. V2 showed sensitivity to Cd and Ni treatments alone or in combination. Tolerance indices for attributes presented a declined growth of Vigna plants under HM stress accompanied by highly significant suppression in gas exchange characteristics. Of single element applications, the adverse effects on mung bean were more pronounced in Cd treatments. V1 showed much reduction in photosynthesis attributes except sub-stomatal CO2 concentration in all treatments compared to V2. The yield attributes, i.e., seed yield/plant and 100-seed weight, were progressively reduced in T5 for both varieties. In combination, we have observed increased mobility of Cd and Ni in both varieties. The results showed that water use efficiency (WUE) generally increased in all the treatments for both varieties compared to control. V2 exhibited less soluble sugars and free amino acids compared to V1 in all the treatments. Similarly, we recorded an enhanced total free amino acid contents in both varieties among all the metal treatments against control plants. We conclude that combinatorial treatment proved much lethal for Vigna plants, but V1 performed better than V2 in counteracting the adverse effects of Cd and Ni.

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Funding

The Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University, funded this work through research groups program under grant number R.G.P. 2/101/41.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Aqeel

  2. Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Noreen Khalid

  3. Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan

    Aasma Tufail

  4. College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China

    Rana Zaheer Ahmad

  5. Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Salim Akhter

  6. Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Luqman

  7. Department of Environmental Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tariq Javed & Ali Noman

  8. Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Kashif Irshad

  9. Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Saad Alamri & Mohamed Hashem

  10. Prince Sultan Ben Abdulaziz Center for Environmental and Tourism Research and Studies, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Saad Alamri

  11. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt

    Mohamed Hashem

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  1. Muhammad Aqeel
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  11. Ali Noman
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Contributions

MA, AN: conceived the idea, designed the experiment, and drafted the manuscript; MA, NK, MH, AN: writing, review, editing; AT, RZA, ML, MKI: performed experiment, gathered literature; MSA, MTJ, SA: analyzed the data, and helps in interpretation of results; SA, MH, AN: critically revised the manuscript; all authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ali Noman.

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Aqeel, M., Khalid, N., Tufail, A. et al. Elucidating the distinct interactive impact of cadmium and nickel on growth, photosynthesis, metal-homeostasis, and yield responses of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 27376–27390 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12579-5

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