Abstract
V-doped TiO2 materials (0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 1.00 nominal atomic %) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and H2-temperature programmed reduction. Two vanadium precursors (vanadyl acetylacetonate and ammonium metavanadate) and three calcination temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C, with and without air circulation) were assayed. The efficiency of the materials as photocatalysts was studied by the degradation of phenol with UV and visible lamps. The photocatalyst prepared from vanadium acetylacetonate, with a vanadium content of 0.01 nominal atomic %, calcination at 400 °C without air circulation (0.01VTi-400), showed the best performance, reaching 100% and 30% degradation of phenol (50 μM) by irradiation with UV lamps (3 h) and visible lamps (5 h), respectively. To evaluate the efficiency of this catalyst in the degradation of other structurally related compounds, two substituted phenols were selected: 4-chlorophenol and 4-nitrophenol. The 0.01VTi-400 photocatalyst showed to be applicable to the degradation of phenolic compounds when the substituent was an activating group or a weakly deactivating group (for electrophilic reactions). Additionally, the selectivity of 0.01VTi-400 for phenol degradation in the presence of Aldrich humic acid was tested: phenol degradation reached 68% (3 h, UV lamps). The performance of 0.01VTi-400 indicated that it is a promising material for further applications.
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Acknowledgments
JAR and PIV are research members of CONICET. MP is a CPA member of CONICET. LR thanks CONICET for a doctoral studentship and SACAT for the internship under Dr. Miguel De Sanchez supervision. The authors wish to thank Pablo Fetsis and Juan Tara for their TPR and sorptometry experimental contribution.
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This study was funded by Grants X835 from Universidad Nacional de La Plata and PIP 2015 0329 from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina.
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LR: Investigation, visualization, writing - original draft, and writing - review and editing. MP: Investigation. PIV: Conceptualization, resources, writing - original draft, writing - review and editing, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition. JAR: Conceptualization, resources, writing - original draft, writing - review and editing, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition.
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Rossi, L., Palacio, M., Villabrille, P.I. et al. V-doped TiO2 photocatalysts and their application to pollutant degradation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 24112–24123 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12339-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12339-5