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Seasonal variation in groundwater quality and beneficial use for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes from Deccan Basaltic Region, Western India

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Abstract

Sustainable management of groundwater resources requires detailed basin-wide water assessments. Semi-urbanized areas surrounding metropolitan cities in the western part of India were assessed for their suitability for domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes. These study areas reflect rapid urban growth with residential complexes, combined with agricultural, horticultural, and industrial uses. Therefore, 68 representative groundwater samples were collected during the pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) seasons of 2015 and analyzed for major ions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking standards, parameters like EC, TDS, TH, HCO3, Ca, and Mg were found to exceed the desirable maximum limits, and the B and F content exceeded the permissible limits. The drinking suitability was studied using the modified water quality index (MWQI). The irrigation suitability was assessed using indices such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (%Na), and permeability index (PI). The industrial suitability was evaluated based on Langelier saturation index (LSI), saturation index (SI), Ryznar stability index (RSI), etc. MWQI results corroborate that 52.94 and 70% samples fall in no pollution category, and 47% and 30% samples were identified to be in the moderate category of pollution in the PRM season and POM season, respectively. The spatial variation maps of LSI, SI, RSI, Puckorius scaling index (PSI) and Larson–Skold index (LaI) show that the majority of the samples in the PRM season have low to insignificant scaling and corrosive potentials as compared to POM samples. The study results provide reliable information for water reserve managers to prepare the sustainable and more accurate basin management plans.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the Head of the Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule, Pune University, Pune, for provided necessary facilities to carry out the present research. Also, the authors are grateful to editor and anonyms reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments which help to strengthen the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Ajaykumar Kadam

  2. School of Earth Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India

    Vasant Wagh

  3. Department of Applied Geology, School of Environmental & Earth Sciences, KBC North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, 425 001, India

    Sanjay Patil

  4. Department of Geology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India

    Bhavana Umrikar

  5. Basin Planning, Central Water Commission, New Delhi, 110066, India

    Rabindranath Sankhua

  6. Clearwater Group 229, Tewksbury Avenue Pt, Richmond, CA, 94801, USA

    James Jacobs

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Contributions

Ajaykumar Kadam: Conceptualization, data collection, and analysis

Vasant Wagh: Assist in manuscript writing and interpretation of data

Sanjay Patil: Assist in manuscript writing

Bhavana Umrikar: Investigation of research

Rabindranath Sankhua: Supervision of the research

James Jacobs: Assist in manuscript writing and correct English language and grammatical errors

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Correspondence to Vasant Wagh.

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Kadam, A., Wagh, V., Patil, S. et al. Seasonal variation in groundwater quality and beneficial use for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes from Deccan Basaltic Region, Western India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 26082–26104 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12115-x

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