Abstract
The impacts of chlorination on methylparaben (MP) removal, as well as of bromide and ammonia on the MP elimination kinetics, were studied. Bromide and ammonia react with chlorine and are promptly transformed into bromine and chloramines, respectively. Rate constants of chlorine, bromine, and monochloramine with MP were determined under different pH conditions. At pH 8.5, the apparent second-order rate constants of MP reactions with chlorine and bromine were found to be 3.37(±0.50) × 101 and 2.37 (±0.11) × 106 M-1.s-1 for kChlorine/MP and kBromine/MP, respectively, yet there was low reactivity with monochloramine (\( {\mathrm{k}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_2\mathrm{Cl}/\mathrm{MP}} \) = 0.045 M-1.s-1). Regarding chlorination and bromination, in order to gain further insight into the observed pH-dependence of the reaction, the elementary reactions were considered and the corresponding second-order rate constants were calculated. The experimental and modeled values were quite consistent under these conditions. Then, chlorination experiments with different bromide and/or ammonia concentrations were performed to assess the impact of inorganic water content on MP elimination and a kinetic model was designed to assess MP degradation. Under these conditions, MP degradation was found to be enhanced in the presence of bromide whereas it was inhibited in the presence of ammonia, and the overall impact was pH dependent.
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All data generated and/or analyzed during the current study are included in this published article
Abbreviations
- pHBA:
-
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid
- PCP:
-
Personal care products
- MP:
-
Methylparaben
- PP:
-
Propylparaben
- WWTP:
-
Wastewater treatment plant
- THM:
-
Trihalomethanes
- EE2:
-
17α-ethynilestradiol
- DOC:
-
Dissolved organic carbon
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- LOD:
-
Limit of detection
- LSODA:
-
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations
- DPD:
-
N,N diethyl-p-phenylenediamine
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the European Community (ERDF) and the French Poitou-Charentes Region for financial support. Moreover, we especially thank Ayan Aden Mousa for her assistance in this study.
Funding
The French Poitou-Charentes Region funded the PHD student’s salary. The European Community (ERDF) and French Poitou-Charentes Region contributed to the financing of some analytical devices used in this work
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PA performed the experiments, interpreted the data, and participated in the writing of this article during her PhD. FD contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data during the experiments in the presence of ammonia as well as reviewing the manuscript. NKVL and MD supervised PA’s thesis work. They guided the experimental work, contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the results, and participated in writing the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Abdallah, P., Dossier-Berne, F., Karpel Vel Leitner, N. et al. Methylparaben chlorination in the presence of bromide ions and ammonia: kinetic study and modeling. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 31256–31267 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11503-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11503-7