Abstract
Coal mining causes serious ecological and environmental damage. The crushed gangue is backfilled into underground goaf, which not only inhibits mining-induced subsidence but also reduces accumulation of waste on the ground: however, the effects of backfilling with gangue backfill materials in goaf are affected by a combination of multiple factors. To predict compression-induced deformation (CID) of gangue backfill materials, key factors influencing compression and deformation characteristics of gangue backfill materials in an underground confined space (lithology, particle size distribution, lateral stress and lateral loading times) were determined. Moreover, two key factors, namely, lithology and particle size distribution of gangue backfill materials, were quantified. Based on orthogonal test design, the compression characteristics of gangue backfill materials were measured under different stress levels and coupling effects of the four key factors by utilising a self-made bidirectional loading test system for bulk materials. Furthermore, through regression, the relationships of the four key factors and axial strain were determined as well as undetermined parameters in axial stress-axial strain equations and axial stress. Based on this, an equation for predicting stress-strain relationship during compression-induced deformation of gangue backfill materials under multi-factor coupling effects was established. Comparison with the orthogonal test results shows that this equation can predict compression-induced deformation of gangue backfill materials in goaf. This is beneficial to providing a basis for predicting strata movement and surface subsidence and guidance for designing backfilling process, thus protecting the surface environment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akbar G, Ali M, Homayon S, Mahasa R (2016) Effects of groundwater withdrawal on land subsidence in Kashan Plain, Iran. Bull Eng Geol Environ 75:1157–1168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-016-0885-3
An BF (2016) Controlling mechanism of surround rock stability in recovering room mining standing pillars by consolidated solid backfilling mining. Doctor. Xuzhou. China University of Mining and Technology (in Chinese)
Bian ZF, Miao XX, Lei SG, Chen SE, Wang WF, Struthers S (2012) The challenges of reusing mining and mineral-processing wastes. Science 337:702–703. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224757
Chen LF, Gao ZP, Zhu JG, Yin JH (2015) Gradation of coarse grained soil and fractal geometry character of particle breakage. J Cent South Univ (Sci Technol) 46:3446–3453 (in Chinese)
Chong ZH, Li XH, Yao QL, Ju MH, Li DW (2015) Orthogonal experimental research on instability factor of roadway with coal-rock interbeded roof. J China Univ Min Technol 44:220–226. https://doi.org/10.13247/j.cnki.jcumt.000306 (in Chinese)
General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (2009) Methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock, vol GB/T 23561-2009. Standards Press of China, Beijing (in Chinese)
Guo WY, Tan YL, Zhao TB, Liu XM, Gu QH, Hu SC (2016a) Compression creep characteristics and creep model establishment of gangue. Geotech Geol Eng 34:1193–1198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-0038-2
Guo WL, Zhu JG, Wen YF (2016b) Unified description for four grading scale methods for coarse aggregate. Chin J Geotech Eng 38:1473–1480. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201608015
Guo GL, Li HZ, Zha JF (2019) An approach to protect cultivated land from subsidence and mitigate contamination from colliery gangue heaps. Process Saf Environ Prot 124:336–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2019.03.004
Han XL (2017) Mechanical response analysis on granular backfill material under tamping device. Master. Xuzhou. China University of Mining and Technology (in Chinese)
He W, Xue WD, Tang B (2012) Optimization test design method and data analysis. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
Hejmanowski R (2015) Modeling of time dependent subsidence for coal and ore deposits. Int J Coal Sci Technol 2:287–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-015-0092-z
Huang YL, Li JM, Ma D, Gao HD, Guo YC, Ouyang SY (2019) Triaxial compression behaviour of gangue solid wastes under effects of particle size and confining pressure. Sci Total Environ 693:133607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133607
Ishikawa T, Tokoro T, Miura S (2016) Influence of freeze-thaw action on hydraulic behavior of unsaturated volcanic coarse-grained soils. Soils Found 56:790–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2016.08.005
Jehring MM, Bareither CA (2016) Tailings composition effects on shear strength behavior of co-mixed mine waste rock and tailings. Acta Geotech 11:1147–1166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-015-0429-1
Jia M (2019) The current situation research on comprehensive utilization of coal gangue. Conserv Util Miner Resour 39:46–52 (in Chinese)
Jing Z, Wang J, Zhu Y, Feng Y (2018) Effects of land subsidence resulted from coal mining on soil nutrient distributions in a loess area of China. J Clean Prod 177:350–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.191
Junker M, Witthaus H (2013) Progress in the research and application of coal mining with stowing. Int J Min Sci Technol 23:7–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2013.01.002
Li JM, Zhang JX, Huang YL, Zhang Q, Xu JM (2012) An investigation of surface deformation after fully mechanized, solid backfill mining. Int J Min Sci Technol 22:453–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2012.01.003
Li JM, Huang YL, Chen ZW, Zhang JX, Jiang HQ, Zhang YC (2019a) Characterizations of macroscopic deformation and particle crushing of crushed gangue particle material under cyclic loading: in solid backfilling coal mining. Powder Technol 343:159–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.11.049
Li M, Li AL, Zhang JX, Huang YL, Li JM (2019b) Effects of particle sizes on compressive deformation and particle breakage of gangue used for coal mine goaf backfill. Powder Technol 360:493–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.075
Li M, Zhang JX, Song WJ, Germain DM (2019c) Recycling of crushed waste rock as backfilling material in coal mine: effects of particle size on compaction behaviours. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 26:8789–8797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04379-9
Liu WT, Liu SL, Ji BJ (2015) Sensitivity analysis of controlling factors on failure depth of floor based on orthogonal experiment. J China Coal Soc 40:1995–2001 (in Chinese)
Liu ST, Li ZZ, Li YY, Cao WD (2018) Strength properties of Bayer red mud stabilized by lime-fly ash using orthogonal experiments. Constr Build Mater 166:554–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.186
Ma D, Bai HB, Miao XX, Pu H, Jiang BY, Chen ZQ (2015) Compaction and seepage properties of crushed limestone particle mixture: an experimental investigation for Ordovician karst collapse pillar groundwater inrush. Environ Earth Sci 75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4799-3
Ma D, Duan HY, Liu JF, Li XB, Zhou ZL (2019) The role of gangue on the mitigation of mining-induced hazards and environmental pollution: an experimental investigation. Sci Total Environ 664:436–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.059
National Development and Reform Commission (2007) Code for coarse-grained soil tests for hydropower and water conservancy engineering, vol DL/T 5356-2006. Electric Power Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
National Energy Administration (2014) Method of compaction testing of solid backfilling materials. Energy industry standard, vol NB/T 51019–2014. National Energy Administration, Beijing (in Chinese)
Pappas DM, Mark C (1993) Behavior of simulated longwall gob material. Report of investigations/1993, U.S. department of the Interior Bureau of Mines Ri, Pittsburgh
Qiu JP, Yang L, Xing J, Sun XG (2018) Analytical solution for determining the required strength of mine backfill based on its damage constitutive model. Soil Mech and Found Eng 54:371–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-018-9483-7
Rahnema H, Mirasi S (2012) Seismic and geotechnical study of land subsidence and vulnerability of rural buildings. Int J Geosci 3:878–884. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2012.324089
Salamon MDG (1990) Mechanism of caving in longwall mining. Rock mechanics contributions and challenges: Proceedings of the 31st US Symposium. 161-168
Shepley MG, Pearson AD, Smith GD, Banton CJ (2008) The impacts of coal mining subsidence on groundwater resources management of the East Midlands Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifer, England. Q J Eng Geol Hydrogeol 41:425–438
Shi JG (2010) Experimental research and computational analysis of recycled aggregate concrete performance. Doctor. Shanghai. Shanghai University (in Chinese)
Su CD, Gu M, Tang X, Guo WB (2012) Experiment study of compaction characteristics of crushed stones from coal seam roof. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 31:18–26 (in Chinese)
Sun Q, Zhang JX, Zhou N (2018) Study and discussion of short-strip coal pillar recovery with cemented paste backfill. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 104:147–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.01.031
Varadarajan A, Sharma KG, Abbas SM, Dhawan AK (2006) Constitutive model for rockfill materials and determination of material constants. Int J Geomech 6:226–237. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1532-3641(2006)6:4(226)
Xiao Y, Liu HL, Yang G, Chen YM, Jiang JS (2014) A constitutive model for the state-dependent behaviors of rockfill material considering particle breakage. Sci China Technol Sci 57:1636–1646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-014-5601-6
Yan BQ, Che SJ, Tannant DD, Ren FH, Wang PT (2019) Application of double-yield model in numerical simulation of stability of mining filling body. Arab J Geosci 12:515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4679-3
Yavuz H (2004) An estimation method for cover pressure re-establishment distance and pressure distribution in the goaf of longwall coal mines. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41:193–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1365-1609(03)00082-0
Yu XB, Chen XQ (2017) Variational laws of debris flow impact force on the check dam surface based on orthogonal experiment design. Geotech Geol Eng 35:2511–2522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0258-0
Yuan ZS, Chen XG, Zeng HX, Wang KC, Qiu JW (2018) Identification of the elastic constant values for numerical simulation of high velocity impact on Dyneema® woven fabrics using orthogonal experiments. Compos Struct 204:178–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.07.024
Zhang Q (2015) Roof control mechanism by coordination with backfilled body and backfill support in solid backfill mining technology. Doctor. Xuzhou. China University of Mining and Technology (in Chinese)
Zhang Q, Zhang JX, Huang YL, Ju F (2012) Backfilling technology and strata behaviors in fully mechanized coal mining working face. Int J Min Sci Technol 22:151–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2011.08.003
Zhang Q, Zhang JX, Kang T, Sun Q, Li WK (2015) Mining pressure monitoring and analysis in fully mechanized backfilling coal mining face-a case study in Zhai Zhen Coal Mine. J Cent South Univ 22:1965–1972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-015-2716-2
Zhang Q, Zhang JX, Han XL, Ju F, Tai Y, Li M (2016) Theoretical research on mass ratio in solid backfill coal mining. Environ Earth Sci 75:586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-5234-5
Zhang JX, Li M, Liu Z, Zhou N (2017a) Fractal characteristics of crushed particles of coal gangue under compaction. Powder Technol 305:12–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.09.049
Zhang JX, Zhang Q, Spearing AJS, Miao XX, Guo S, Sun Q (2017b) Green coal mining technique integrating mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining. Int J Min Sci Technol 27:17–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2016.11.014
Zhang JX, Ju Y, Zhang Q, Ju F, Xiao X, Zhang WQ, Zhou N, Li M (2019) Low ecological environment damage technology and method in coal mines. J Min Strata Control Eng 1:013515 (in Chinese)
Zhou N (2014) Mechanism of preventing dynamic hazards under hard roof by solid backfilling technology. Doctor. Xuzhou. China University of Mining and Technology (in Chinese)
Zhou YJ, Chen Y, Zhang JX, He Q (2012) Control principle and technology of final compression ratio of backfilling materials. J Min Saf Eng 29:351–356
Funding
This work was supported by the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20180361), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51704273),the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (51725403) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M642366).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Meng, G., Zhang, J., Li, M. et al. Prediction of compression and deformation behaviours of gangue backfill materials under multi-factor coupling effects for strata control and pollution reduction. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 36528–36540 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09465-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09465-x