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Effect of distillery spentwash fertigation on crop growth, yield, and accumulation of potentially toxic elements in rice

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Abstract

The safe disposal of industrial effluents always remained a challenging process because of their high level of nutrients, toxic elements, and salts. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of sugar industry effluent spentwash (SW) fertigated with tab water (TW), on soil properties, crop growth, physiological parameters, yield components, and accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains and straw. The results showed that soil physico-chemical properties were modified with rise in SW concentration. Application of 5% SW significantly enhanced the plant growth, and yield components. Photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were significantly higher under 5% SW concentration in comparison with control. However, SW concentrations of > 5% showed inhibitory effects for all growth, physiological, and yield components. Accumulation of PTEs showed increasing trend with rise in SW concentration. However, under 5% SW concentration, all the PTEs in rice grain and straw were within the permissible limits (PLs) recommended by FAO/WHO and no health hazards were detected by health risk assessment. Based on the study results, 5% SW fertigation with TW can be applied as fertilizer for enhancing the growth and productivity of rice.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to give our deep thanks to Professor Ying Ge from Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China, for his kind guidance and support for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

    Sadiq Naveed

  2. Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Sadiq Naveed, Abdur Rehim & Muhammad Imran

  3. Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Khanewal, Pakistan

    Muhammad Imran

  4. Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Faraz Anwar

  5. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38040, Pakistan

    Saddam Hussain

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  1. Sadiq Naveed
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  2. Abdur Rehim
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  3. Muhammad Imran
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  4. Muhammad Faraz Anwar
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  5. Saddam Hussain
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Correspondence to Abdur Rehim or Muhammad Imran.

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Responsible editor: Elena Maestri

Highlights

• We applied different concentrations of spentwash to rice crop

• Low levels of spentwash enhanced rice growth, physiology, and yield

• Higher concentrations of spentwash reduced the crop production and increased the accumulation of micronutrients and heavy metals in plant tissues and grain

• Spentwash could be applied at lower concentration for rice production

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Naveed, S., Rehim, A., Imran, M. et al. Effect of distillery spentwash fertigation on crop growth, yield, and accumulation of potentially toxic elements in rice. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 31113–31124 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3067-y

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