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Diesel engine emission analysis using fuel from diverse emulsification methods

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Abstract

The focus of this work is to investigate the emission characteristics of a stationary diesel engine while utilizing an emulsion fuel from a novel preparation process. The emulsion preparation was performed in real time without using any surfactant. Instead of mechanically breaking the water down into droplets, the water is delivered thermally, by changing its phase from gas to liquid. Steam is used in this proposed process, where it will be converted into suspended water droplets once it meets colder diesel. The product is called steam-generated water-in-diesel emulsion fuel (S/D). The method is expected to reduce the moving components of a previous surfactant-less system; therefore, reducing costs and increasing the system reliability. The emission characteristics of S/D were compared with EURO 2 diesel (D2), and a conventional emulsion denoted as E10. E10 was prepared using 10% water (volumetric) and SPAN80 as a surfactant. The emission characterizations were carried out based on the exhaust gas of a single cylinder naturally aspirated CI engine fueled with D2, S/D, and E10. Compared to D2, both emulsions significantly reduced the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) (E10 max ↓58.0%, S/D max ↓40.0%) and particulate matter (PM) (E10 max ↓20.0%, S/D max ↓57.0%).

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for the provision of the supervision and state of the art instruments. We are also thankful to the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT, Indonesia) for lending us the E4500 gas analyzer for the duration of the research.

Funding

Highest appreciation goes to the Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia) for their financial support through UTM’s research grant (Q.K130000.2543.14H70).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Dhani Avianto Sugeng, Wira Jazair Yahya, Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin, Muhammad Adib Abdul Rashid, Nur Salsabilla Mohd Syahril Amri, Hasannuddin Abd Kadir & Mohd Naim Abdul Halim

  2. Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT), DKI Jakarta, Indonesia

    Dhani Avianto Sugeng

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  1. Dhani Avianto Sugeng
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  2. Wira Jazair Yahya
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  3. Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin
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  4. Muhammad Adib Abdul Rashid
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  5. Nur Salsabilla Mohd Syahril Amri
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  6. Hasannuddin Abd Kadir
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  7. Mohd Naim Abdul Halim
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Correspondence to Wira Jazair Yahya.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Sugeng, D.A., Yahya, W.J., Ithnin, A.M. et al. Diesel engine emission analysis using fuel from diverse emulsification methods. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 27214–27224 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2760-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2760-1

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