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The removal of silver nanoparticle by titanium tetrachloride and modified sodium alginate composite coagulants: floc properties, membrane fouling, and floc recycle

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Abstract

In this study, a modified sodium alginate (MSA) composited with TiCl4 was used to treat the synthetic Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) water in coagulation-ultrafiltration process. The floc properties and membrane fouling of TiCl4 and MSA composite coagulants (TiCl4 + MSA) were investigated by a laser diffraction instrument and ultrafiltration fouling model. The recycle of the AgNP-containing flocs was evaluated by XRD and photocatalytic experiments. The results showed that TiCl4 + MSA could achieve better coagulation performance than TiCl4 alone with AgNP and DOC removal up to 97 and 59% at the optimum condition (pH = 5 and dosage = 12 mg TiCl4/L). TiCl4 + MSA produced larger and looser flocs than TiCl4 and TiCl4 + SA composite coagulant (TiCl4 + SA), which was benefit for the inhibition of subsequence membrane fouling. The strongly attached external fouling resistance (Ref-s) and the reversible internal fouling resistance (Rif-r) of TiCl4 + MSA were only 43 and 39.2% of those achieved by TiCl4 at the optimal coagulation condition. Besides, the adopted AgCl-TiO2 could be recycled from AgNP-containing flocs. And MSA could promote the form of TiO2 anatase. It gives us a possible way for silver nanoparticle recycle.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Chinese National Science and Technology (No. 21377072, No. 51508308, No.51478250) and the Outstanding Young and Middle-Aged Scientists Research Fund of Shandong Province (BS2012HZ004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China

    Ziyang Wang, Yan Wang, Meixia Fan & Baoyu Gao

  2. Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China

    Yanxia Zhao

  3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA

    Cong Yu

Authors
  1. Ziyang Wang
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  2. Yan Wang
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  3. Cong Yu
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  4. Yanxia Zhao
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  5. Meixia Fan
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  6. Baoyu Gao
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Correspondence to Yan Wang or Baoyu Gao.

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Responsible editor: Angeles Blanco

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Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Yu, C. et al. The removal of silver nanoparticle by titanium tetrachloride and modified sodium alginate composite coagulants: floc properties, membrane fouling, and floc recycle. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 21058–21069 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2240-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2240-7

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