Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of antioxidant additives on the performance and emission characteristics of C.I engine fuelled with B20 blend of rice bran biodiesel

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This manuscript presents the impact of addition of antioxidant additives to rice bran biodiesel blend on the performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition (C.I) engine. Rice bran methyl ester (RBME) was produced from rice bran oil by transesterification using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. An experimental investigation was conducted on a single-cylinder four-stroke C.I engine to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of rice bran methyl ester (RBME) blended with diesel at 20% by volume (B20) with and without addition of 1000 ppm of two monophenolic antioxidant additives, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The results showed that the BHA- and BHT-treated B20 blend decreased the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 2.1 and 1.2% and increased the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 1.04 and 0.5% compared to B20. The BHA- and BHT-treated B20 blend produced mean reductions in NOx emission of 12.2 and 9.6%, respectively, compared to B20. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of BHA- and BHT-treated B20 were increased by 14.8–16.6% and 10.6–11.2%, respectively, compared to B20. However the emission levels were lower than those of diesel.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ASTM:

American society of testing and materials

IV:

Iodine value

BHA:

Butylated hydroxyanisole

NOx:

Nitrogen oxides

BHT:

Butylated hydroxytoluene

PM:

Particulate matter

BP:

Brake power

RBME:

Rice bran methyl ester

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

RBO:

Rice bran oil

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

SN:

Saponification number

C.I:

Compression ignition

B100:

Rice bran biodiesel/RBME

CO:

Carbon monoxide

B20:

20%RBME+80%Diesel

EGT:

Exhaust gas temperature

B20 + BHA:

20%RBME+80%Diesel+1000 ppm BHA

HC:

Hydrocarbon

B20 + BHT:

20%RBME+80%Diesel+1000 ppm BHT

References

  • Ashok B, Nanthagopal K, Jeevanantham AK, Bhowmick P, Malhotra D, Agarwal P (2017) An assessment of calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel fuelled diesel engine characteristics using novel antioxidant additives. Energy Convers Manag 148:935–943

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balaji G, Cheralathan M (2015a) Experimental investigation of antioxidant effect on oxidation stability and emissions in a methyl ester of neem oil fueled DI diesel engine. Renew Energy 74:910–916

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balaji G, Cheralathan M (2015b) Simultaneous reduction of NOx and HC emissions in a CI engine fueled with methyl ester of neem oil using ethylenediamine as antioxidant additive. Energy Sources, Part A Recovery Utilization Environ Effects 37:2684–2691

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balaji G, Cheralathan M (2016) Experimental investigation to reduce exhaust emissions in a single cylinder CI engine fuelled with methyl ester of neem oil using antioxidant (L-ascorbic acid). Biofuels 7:305–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basha SA, Raja Gopal K (2012) A review of the effects of catalyst and additive on biodiesel production, performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16:711–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Nagappan BK, Munuswamy DB (2017) Performance and emissions analysis on diesel engine fuelled with cashew nut shell biodiesel and pentanol blends. Korean J Chem Eng Spring 34(4):1021–1026

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinkov R, Hristov G, Stratiev D, Aldayri VB (2009) Effect of commercially available antioxidants over biodiesel/diesel blends stability. Fuel 88:732–737

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fazal MA, Haseeb ASMA, Masjuki HH (2011) Biodiesel feasibility study: an evaluation of material compatibility; performance; emission and engine durability. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15:1314–1324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holman JP (2001) Experimental method for engineers, 7th edn. Mcgraw Hill Education, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ileri E, Kocar G (2013) Effects of antioxidant additives on engine performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with canola oil methyl ester–diesel blend. Energy Convers Manag 76:145–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ileri E, Kocar G (2014) Experimental investigation of the effect of antioxidant additives on NOx emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel. Fuel 125:44–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kivevele TT, Kristóf L, Bereczky Á, Makame M (2011) Mbarawa Engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics of a CIengine fuelled with croton megalocarpus methyl ester with antioxidant. Fuel 90:2782–2789

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knothe G (2007) Some aspects of biodiesel oxidative stability. Fuel Process Technol 88:669–677

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Misraa RD, Murthy MS (2011) Blending of additives with biodiesels to improve the cold flow properties, combustion and emission performance in a compression ignition engine—a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15:2413–2422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller CJ, Boehman AL, Martin GC (2009) An experimental investigation of the origin of increased NOx emissions when fueling a heavy-duty compression ignition engine with soy biodiesel. SAE paper 01–1792

  • Palash SM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Masum BM, Sanjid A, Abedin MJ (2013) State of the art of NOx mitigation technologies and their effect on the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel-fueled compression ignition engines. Energy Convers Manag 76:400–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palash SM, Kalam MA, Masjuki HH, Arbab MI, Masum BM, Sanjid A (2014) Impacts of NOx reducing antioxidant additive on performance and emissions of a multi-cylinder diesel engine fueled with Jatropha biodiesel blends. Energy Convers Manag 77:577–585

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramalingam S, Rajendran S, Ganesan P (2016) Improving the performance is better and emission reductions from Annona biodiesel operated diesel engine using 1,4-dioxane fuel additive. Fuel 185:804–809

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramalingam S, Rajendran S, Ganesan P, Govindasamy M (2018) Effect of operating parameters and antioxidant additives with biodiesels to improve the performance and reducing the emissions in a compression ignition engine – a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 81:775–788

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rashed MM, Kalam MA, Masjuki HH, Habibullah M, Imdadul HK, Shahin MM, Rahman MM (2016a) Improving oxidation stability and NOx reduction of biodiesel blends using aromatic and synthetic antioxidant in a light duty diesel engine. Ind Crop Prod 89:273–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rashed MM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Alabdulkarem A, Rahman MM, Imdadul HK, Rashedul HK (2016b) Study of the oxidation stability and exhaust emission analysis of Moringa olifera biodiesel in a multi-cylinder diesel engine with aromatic amine antioxidants. Renew Energy 94:294–303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rashedul HK, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Ashraful AM, Ashrafur Rahman SM, Shahir SA (2014) The effect of additives on properties, performance and emission of biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine. Energy Convers Manag 88:348–364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rashedul HK, Kalam MA, Masjuki HH, Teoh YH, How HG, Monirul IM, Imdadul HK (2017) Attempts to minimize nitrogen oxide emission from diesel engine by using antioxidant-treated diesel-biodiesel blend. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:9305–9313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rizwanul Fattah IM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Mofijur M, Abedin MJ (2014a) Effect of antioxidant on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends. Energy Convers Manag 79:265–272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rizwanul Fattah IM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Wakil MA, Ashraful AM, Shahir SA (2014b) Experimental investigation of performance and regulated emissions of a diesel engine with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blends accompanied by oxidation inhibitors. Energy Convers Manag 83:232–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rizwanul Fattah IM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Wakil MA, Rashedul HK, Abedin MJ (2014c) Performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with Cocos nucifera and Jatropha curcas B20 blends accompanying antioxidants. Ind Crop Prod 57:132–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sathiyamoorthi R, Sankaranarayanan G (2016) Effect of antioxidant additives on the performance and emission characteristics of a DICI engine using neat lemongrass oil–diesel blend. Fuel 174(15):89–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun J, Caton JA, Jacobs TJ (2010) Oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel-fuelled diesel engines. Prog Energy Combust Sci 36:677–695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varatharajan K, Cheralathan M (2013) Effect of aromatic amine antioxidants on NOx emissions from a soybean biodiesel powered DI diesel engine. Fuel Process Technol 106:526–532

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varatharajan K, Cheralathan M, Velraj R (2011) Mitigation of NOx emissions from a jatropha biodiesel fuelled DI diesel engine using antioxidant additives. Fuel 90:2721–2725

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velmurugan K, Sathiyagnanam AP (2016) Impact of antioxidants on NOx emissions froma mango seed biodiesel powered DI diesel engine. Alexandria Eng J 55(1):715–722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuvarajan D, Dinesh Babu M, BeemKumar N, Amith Kishore P (2017a) Experimental investigation on the influence of titanium dioxide nanofluid on emission pattern of biodiesel in a diesel engine. Atmospheric Pollution Research, Elsevier, Available online 23 June 2017, In Press, ISSN: 0944-1344

  • Yuvarajan D, Munuswamy DB, Mahalingam A, and Nagappan B (2017b) Performance, combustion and emission analysis of neat palm oil bio-diesel and higher alcohol blends in diesel engine. Energy Fuels, Available at: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02939

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India

    Karthikeyan Alagu, Beemkumar Nagappan, Jayaprabakar Jayaraman & Anderson Arul Gnana Dhas

Authors
  1. Karthikeyan Alagu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Beemkumar Nagappan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jayaprabakar Jayaraman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anderson Arul Gnana Dhas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Beemkumar Nagappan.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alagu, K., Nagappan, B., Jayaraman, J. et al. Impact of antioxidant additives on the performance and emission characteristics of C.I engine fuelled with B20 blend of rice bran biodiesel. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 17634–17644 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1934-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1934-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation