Abstract
This paper reports the degradation of 10 mg L−1 Ametryn solution with different advanced oxidation processes and by ultraviolet (UV254) irradiation alone with the main objective of reducing acute toxicity and increase biodegradability. The investigated factors included Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations. The effectiveness of the UV254 and UV254/H2O2 processes were investigated using a low-pressure mercury UV lamp (254 nm). Photo-Fenton process was explored using a blacklight blue lamp (BLB, λ = 365 nm). The UV254 irradiation process achieved complete degradation of Ametryn solution after 60 min. The degradation time of Ametryn was greatly improved by the addition of H2O2. It is worth pointing out that a high rate of Ametryn removal was attained even at low concentrations of H2O2. The kinetic constant of the reaction between Ametryn and HO● for UV254/H2O2 was 3.53 × 108 L mol−1 s−1. The complete Ametryn degradation by the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes was observed following 10 min of reaction for various combinations of Fe2+ and H2O2 under investigation. Working with the highest concentration (150 mg L−1 H2O2 and 10 mg L−1 Fe2+), around 30 and 70% of TOC removal were reached within 120 min of treatment by Fenton and photo-Fenton processes, respectively. Although it did not obtain complete mineralization, the intermediates formed in the degradation processes were hydroxylated and did not promote acute toxicity of Vibrio fischeri. Furthermore, a substantial improvement of biodegradability was obtained for all studied processes.
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The authors wish to thank the Brazilian funding agencies: Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (Fundect); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). The authors also thank the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain and AGAUR – Generalitat de Catalunya for funds received to carry out this work.
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de Oliveira, D.M., Cavalcante, R.P., da Silva, L.d. et al. Identification of intermediates, acute toxicity removal, and kinetics investigation to the Ametryn treatment by direct photolysis (UV254), UV254/H2O2, Fenton, and photo-Fenton processes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 4348–4366 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1342-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1342-6