Abstract
Water is the most important and essential component of earth’s ecosystem playing a vital role in the proper functioning of flora and fauna. But, our water resources are contaminating continuously. The whole world may be in great water scarcity after few decades. Graphene, a single-atom thick carbon nanosheet, and graphene nanomaterials have bright future in water treatment technologies due to their extraordinary properties. Only few papers describe the use of these materials in water treatment by adsorption, filtration, and photodegradation methods. This article presents a critical evaluation of the contribution of graphene nanomaterials in water treatment. Attempts have been made to discuss the future perspectives of these materials in water treatment. Besides, the efforts are made to discuss the nanotoxicity and hazards of graphene-based materials. The suggestions are given to explore the full potential of these materials along with precautions of nanotoxicity and its hazards. It was concluded that the future of graphene-based materials is quite bright.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdelkader AM, Cooper AJ, Dryfe RAW, Kinloch IA (2015) How to get between the sheets? A review of recent works on the electrochemical exfoliation of graphene materials from bulk graphite. Nano 7:6944–6956
Ahmadi-Moghadam B, Taheri F (2014) Effect of processing parameters on the structure and multi-functional performance of epoxy/GNP-nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 49(18):6180–6190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8332-y
Ali I (2010) The quest for active carbon adsorbent substitutes: inexpensive adsorbents for toxic metal ions removal from wastewater. Sep Purif Rev 39(3-4):95–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2010.527802
Ali I (2012) New generation adsorbents for water treatment. Chem Rev 112(10):5073–5091. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300133d
Ali I (2014) Water treatment by adsorption columns: evaluation at ground level. Sep Purif Rev 43(3):175–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2012.748671
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY (2004) Chiral pollutants: distribution, toxicity and analysis by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY (2006) Instrumental methods in metal ions speciation: chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and electrochemistry. Taylor & Francis Ltd., New York. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420019407
Ali I, Gupta VK (2006a) Adsorbents for water treatment: development of low-cost alternatives to carbon. In: Encyclopedia of surface and colloid science, 2nd edn. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 149–184
Ali I, Gupta VK (2006b) Advances in water treatment by adsorption technology. Nat Protoc 1:2661–2667
Ali I, Jain CK (2005) Wastewater treatment and recycling technologies. In: Lehr J (ed) Water encyclopedia: domestic, municipal, and industrial water supply and waste disposal. John Wiley & Sons, New York
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY, Gupta VK (2009) Nano chromatography and capillary electrophoresis: pharmaceutical and environmental analyses. Wiley & Sons, Hoboken
Ali I, Khan TA, Asim M (2011) Removal of arsenic from water by electrocoagulation and electrodialysis techniques. Sep Purif Rev 40(1):25–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2011.542738
Ali I, Asim M, Khan TA (2012) Low cost adsorbents for removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. J Environ Manag 113:170–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.028
Ali I, Alothman ZA, Sanagi MM (2015) Green synthesis of iron nano-impregnated adsorbent for fast removal of fluoride from water. J Mol Liq 211:457–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.07.034
Alsharaeh E, Ahmed F, Aldawsari Y, Khasawneh M, Abuhimd H, Alshahrani M (2016) Novel synthesis of holey reduced graphene oxide (HRGO) by microwave irradiation method for anode in lithium-ion batteries. Sci Rep 6(1):29854. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29854
Arshad A, Iqbal J, Siddiq M, Ali MU, Ali A, Shabbir H, Nazeer UB, Saleem MS (2017) Solar light triggered catalytic performance of graphene-CuO nanocomposite for waste water treatment. Ceram Int 43(14):10654–10660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.03.165
Balandin A (2011) Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials. Nat Mater 10(8):569–581. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3064
Banerjee P, Sau S, Das P, Mukhopadhayay A (2015) Optimization and modelling of synthetic azo dye wastewater treatment using graphene oxidenanoplatelets: characterization toxicity evaluation and optimization using artificial neural network. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 119:47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.022
Banerjee P, Das P, Zaman A, Das P (2016) Application of graphene oxide nanoplatelets for adsorption of ibuprofen from aqueous solutions: evaluation of process kinetics and thermodynamics. Process Saf Environ Prot 101:45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2016.01.021
Bayazit ŞS, Yildiz M, Aşçi YS, Şahin M, Bener M, Eğlence S, Salam MA (2017) Rapid adsorptive removal of naphthalene from water using graphene nanoplatelet/MIL-101 (Cr) nanocomposite. J Alloys Compd 701:740–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.111
Boehm H (2010) Graphene—how a laboratory curiosity suddenly became extremely interesting. Angew Chem Int Ed 49(49):9332–9335. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201004096
Bradder P, Ling SK, Wang S, Liu S (2011) Dye adsorption on layered graphite oxide. J Chem Eng Data 56(1):138–141. https://doi.org/10.1021/je101049g
Bunch JS, Verbridge SS, Alden JS, van der Zande AM, Parpia JM, Craighead HG, McEuen PL (2008) Impermeable atomic membranes from graphene sheets. Nano Lett 8(8):2458–2462. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl801457b
Chowdhury I, Duch MC, Mansukhani ND, Hersam MC, Bouchard D (2013) Colloidal properties and stability of graphene oxide nanomaterials in the aquatic environment. Environ Sci Technol 47(12):6288–6296. https://doi.org/10.1021/es400483k
Chung DDL (2015) A review of exfoliated graphite. J. of Mater Sci 51:554–568
Climent-Pascual E, Garcia-Velez M, Álvarez ÁL, Coya C, Munuera C, Diez-Betriu X (2015) Large area graphene and graphene oxide patterning and nanographene fabrication by one-step lithography. Carbon 90:110–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.04.018
Cohen-Tanugi D, Grossman JC (2012) Water desalination across nanoporous graphene. Nano Lett 12(7):3602–3608. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl3012853
Cohen-Tanugi D, Grossman JC (2014) Water permeability of nanoporous graphene at realistic pressures for reverse osmosis desalination. J Chem Phys 141(7):074704. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4892638
Crock CA, Rogensues AR, Shan W, Tarabara VV (2013) Download: Polymer nanocomposites with graphene-based hierarchical fillers as materials for multifunctional water treatment membranes. Water Res 47(12):3984–3996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.057
Du H, Li J, Zhang J, Su G, Li X, Zhao Y (2011) Separation of hydrogen and nitrogen gases with porous graphene membrane. J Phys Chem C 115(47):23261–23266. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp206258u
Dyson T (1996) Population and food: global trends and future prospects. Routledge, London
Ema M, Gamo M, Honda K (2017) A review of toxicity studies on graphene-based nanomaterials in laboratory animals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 85:7–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.01.011
Fauré J, Lachenal G, Court M, Hirrlinger J, Chatellard-Causse C, Blot B, Grange J, Schoehn G, Goldberg Y, Boyer V, Kirchhoff F, Raposo G, Garin J, Sadoul R (2006) Exosomes are released by cultured cortical neurones. Mol Cell Neurosci 31(4):642–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2005.12.003
Filice S, Angelo DD, Libertino S, Nicotera I, Kosma V, Privitera V, Scalese S (2015) Graphene oxide and titania hybrid Nafion membranes for efficient removal of methyl orange dye from water. Carbon 82:489–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.10.093
Gatti AM (2005) Nanotoxicity and health risk related to managing nanoparticles the European experience of nanopathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Laboratory of Biomaterials
Geim AK (2009) Graphene: status and prospects. Science 324(5934):1530–1534. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1158877
Goh PS, Ismail AF, Ng BC (2013) Carbon nanotubes for desalination: performance evaluation and current hurdles. Desalination 308:2–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.07.040
Goswami S, Banerjee P, Datta S, Mukhopadhayay A, Das P (2017) Graphene oxide nanoplatelets synthesized with carbonized agro-waste biomass as green precursor and its application for the treatment of dye rich wastewater. Process Saf Environ Prot 106:163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.01.003
Guardia L, Villar-Rodil S, Paredes JI (2012) UV light exposure of aqueous graphene oxide suspensions to promote their direct reduction, formation of graphene–metal nanoparticle hybrids and dye degradation. Carbon 50(3):1014–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.10.005
Guo X, Mei N (2014) Assessment of the toxic potential of graphene family nanomaterials. J Food Drugs Anal 22(1):105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.009
Hashimoto A, Suenaga K, Gloter A, Urita K, Iijima S (2004) Direct evidence for atomic defects in graphene layers. Nature 430(7002):870–873. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02817
Hoet PHM, Brüske-Hohlfeld I, Salata OV (2004) Nanoparticles—known and unknown health risks. J Nanobiotechnol 2(12):12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-2-12
Hu M, Mi B (2013) Enabling graphene oxide nanosheets as water separation membranes. Environ Sci Technol 47(8):3715–3723. https://doi.org/10.1021/es400571g
Huang JH, Liu YF, Jin QZ, Wang XG, Yang J (2007) Adsorption studies of a water soluble dye, reactive red MF-3B, using sonication-surfactant-modified attapulgite clay. J Hazard Mater 143(1-2):541–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.088
Ion AC, Alpatova A, Ion I, Culetu A (2011a) Study on phenol adsorption in aqueous solution on exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets. Mater Sci Eng B 176(7):588–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2011.01.018
Ion AC, Ion I, Culetu A (2011b) Lead adsorption onto exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets in aqueous solutions. Mater Sci Eng B 176(6):504–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2010.07.021
Ji L, Chen W, Duan L, Zhu D (2009) Mechanisms for strong adsorption of tetracycline to carbon nanotubes: a comparative study using activated carbon and graphite as adsorbent. Environ Sci Technol 43(7):2322–2327. https://doi.org/10.1021/es803268b
Jiang D, Cooper VR, Dai S (2009) Porous graphene as the ultimate membrane for gas separation. Nano Lett 9(12):4019–4024. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl9021946
Jin Z, Wang X, Sun Y, Ai Y, Wang X (2015) Adsorption of 4-n-nonylphenol and bisphenol-A on magnetic reduced graphene oxides: a combined experimental and theoretical studies. Environ Sci Technol 49(15):9168–9175. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02022
Khan TA, Sharma S, Ali I (2011) Adsorption of rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution onto acid activated mango (Magnifera indica) leaf powder: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. J Toxicol Environ Health Sci 3:286–297
Khan A, Wang J, Li J, Wang X, Chen Z, Alsaedi A, Hayat T, Chen Y (2017) The role of graphene oxide and graphene oxide-based nanomaterials in the removal of pharmaceuticals from aqueous media: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(9):7938–7958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8388-8
Kim S, Marion M, Jeong BH, Hoek EMV (2006) Crossflow membrane filtration of interacting nanoparticle suspensions. J Membr Sci 284(1-2):361–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.08.008
Laws EA (2000) Aquatic pollution: an introductory text, 3rd edn. Wiley & Sons, Chichester
Lee C, Wei X, Kysar JW, Hone J (2008) Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321(5887):385–388. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157996
Lee J, Chae HR, Won YJ, Lee K, Lee CH, Lee HH, Kim I-C, Lee JM (2013) Graphene oxide nanoplatelets composite membrane with hydrophilic and antifouling properties for wastewater treatment. J Membr Sci 448:223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.08.017
Leenaerts O, Partoens B, Peeters FM (2008) Graphene: a perfect nanoballoon. Appl Phys Lett 93(19):193107. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3021413
Leslie-Pelecky DL, Rieke RD (1996) Magnetic properties of nanostructured materials. Chem Mater 8(8):1770–1783. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm960077f
Li C, Dong Y, Yang J, Li Y, Huang C (2014) Modified nano-graphite/Fe3O4 composite as efficient adsorbent for the removal of methyl violet from aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 196:348–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2014.04.010
Lin Y, Zhiming Z, George T, Simon P, Li D (2015) Scalable production of graphene via wet chemistry: progress and challenges. Mater Today 18:73–78
Liu T, Li Y, Du Q, Sun J, Jiao Y, Yang G, Wang Z, Xia Y, Zhang W, Wang K, Wu D (2012) Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by grapheme. Colloids Surf B. 90:197–203
Liu SZ, Sun HQ, Liu SM, Wang SB (2013) Graphene facilitated visible light photodegradation of methylene blue over titanium dioxide photocatalyst. Chem Eng J 214:298–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.10.058
Lotya M, Hernandez Y, King PJ, Smith RJ, Nicolosi V, Karlsson LS, Blighe FM, De S, Wang Z, McGovern IT, Duesberg GS, Coleman JN (2009) Liquid phase production of graphene by exfoliation of graphite in surfactant/water solutions. J Am Chem Soc 131(10):3611–3620. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja807449u
Lu Q, Huang R (2009) Nonlinear mechanics of single-atomic layer graphene sheets. Int J Appl Mech 1(03):443–467. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1758825109000228
Mahmoud KA, Mansoor B, Mansour A, Khraisheh M (2015) Functional graphene nanosheets: the next generation membranes for water desalination. Desalination 356:208–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.10.022
Malinauskas A, Ruzgas T, Gorton L (2000) Electrochemical study of the redox dyes nile blue and toluidine blue adsorbed on graphite and zirconium phosphate modified graphite. J Electroanal Chem 484(1):55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00059-0
Maliyekkal SM, Sreeprasad TS, Krishnan D, Kouser S, Mishra AK, Waghmare UV, Pradeep T (2013) Graphene: a reusable substrate for unprecedented adsorption of pesticides. Small 9(2):273–283. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201201125
Manafi MR, Manafi P, Agarwal S, Bharti AK, Asif M, Gupta VK (2017) Synthesis of nanocomposites from polyacrylamide and graphene oxide: application as flocculants for water purification. J Colloid Interface Sci 490:505–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.096
Manawi Y, Kochkodan V, Hussein MA, Khaleel MA, Khraisheh M, Hilal N (2016) Can carbon-based nanomaterials revolutionize membrane fabrication for water treatment and desalination. Desalination 391:69–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.015
McDonogh RM, Fell CJD, Fane AG (1984) Surface charge and permeability in the ultrafiltration of non-flocculating colloids. J Membr Sci 21(3):285–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(00)80219-7
Melezhyk AV, Tkachev AG (2014) Synthesis of graphene nanoplatelets from peroxosulfate graphite intercalation compounds. Nanosyst Phys Chem Math 5:294–306
Mi B (2014) Graphene oxide membranes for ionic and molecular sieving. Science 343(6172):740–742. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1250247
Mishra AK, Ramaprabhu S (2011) Removal of metals from aqueous solution and sea water by functionalized graphite nanoplatelets based electrodes. J Hazard Mater 185(1):322–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.037
Moeser GD, Roach KA, Green WH, Hatton TA (2004) High gradient magnetic separation of coated magnetic nanoparticles. AICHE J 50(11):2835–2848. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.10270
Nel A, Xia T, Madler L, Li N (2006) Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science 311(5761):622–627. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1114397
Nemerow N, Dasgupta A (1991) Industrial and hazardous waste treatment. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
Nidheesh PV (2017) Graphene-based materials supported advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(35):27047–27069. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0481-5
Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306(5696):666–669. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896
O’Hern SC, Boutilier MSH, Idrobo JC, Song Y, Kong J, Laoui T, Atieh M, Karnik R (2014) Selective ionic transport through tunable subnanometer pores in single-layer graphene membranes. Nano Lett 14(3):1234–1241. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404118f
Ou L, Song B, Liang H, Liu J, Feng X, Deng B, Sun T, Shao L (2016) Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms. Part Fibre Toxicol 13(1):57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-016-0168-y
Pavaghadi S, Tang AIL, Sathishkumar M, Loh KP, Balasubramanian R (2013) Removal of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR by graphene oxide: adsorption and kinetic experiments. Water Res 47(13):4621–4629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.033
Perreault F, Tousley ME, Elimelech M (2013) Thin film composite polyamide membranes functionalized with biocidal graphene oxide nanosheets. Environ Sci Technol Lett 1:71–76
Pomoell JAV, Krasheninnikov AV, Nordlund K, Keinonen J (2004) Ion ranges and irradiation-induced defects in multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Appl Phys 96(5):2864–2871. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1776317
Pu NW, Wang CA, Liu YM, Sung Y, Wang DS, Ger MD (2012) Dispersion of graphene in aqueous solutions with different types of surfactants and the production of graphene films by spray or drop coating. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 43:140–146
Radu E, Ion AC, Sirbu F, Ion I (2015) Adsorption of endocrine disruptors on exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets. Environ Eng Manag J 14:551–558
Ren X, Li J, Tan X, Shi W, Chen C, Shao D, Wen T, Wang L, Zhao G, Sheng G, Wang X (2014) Impact of Al2O3 on the aggregation and deposition of graphene oxide. Environ Sci Technol 48(10):5493–5500. https://doi.org/10.1021/es404996b
Riaz MA, McKay G, Saleem J (2017) 3D graphene-based nanostructured materials as sorbents for cleaning oil spills and for the removal of dyes and miscellaneous pollutants present in water. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(36):27731–27745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0606-x
Ruan M, Hu Y, Guo Z, Dong R, Palmer J, Hankinson J, Berger C, de Heer WA (2012) Epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide: introduction to structured graphene. MRS Bull 37(12):1138–1147. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2012.231
Sanchez VC, Jachak A, Hurt RH, Kane AB (2012) Biological interactions of graphene-family nanomaterials: an interdisciplinary review. Chem Res Toxicol 25(1):15–34. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx200339h
Schinwald A, Murphy FA, Jones A, Mac Nee W, Donaldson K (2012) Graphene-based nanoplatelets: a new risk to the respiratory system as a consequence of their unusual aerodynamic properties. ACS Nano 6(1):736–746. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204229f
Schmidt-Ott A, Butselaar-Orthlieb V, van Winsen J, Bosma D (2010) Nanosafety guidelines: preventing exposure to nanomaterials at the faculty of applied sciences, Delft University of Technology, workgroup Nanosafety of the Faculty of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
Seabra AB, Paula AJ, de Lima R, Alves OL, Durán N (2014) Nanotoxicity of graphene and graphene oxide. Chem Res Toxicol 27(2):159–168. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx400385x
Segal M (2009) Selling grapheme by the ton. Nat Nanotechnol 4(10):612–614. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.279
Sheng KX, Xu YX, Li C, Shi GQ (2011) High-performance self-assembled graphene hydrogels prepared by chemical reduction of graphene oxide. New Carbon Mater 26(1):9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(11)60062-0
Shih CJ, Lin S, Sharma R, Strano MS, Blankschtein D (2012) Understanding the pH-dependent behavior of graphene oxide aqueous solutions: a comparative experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study. Langmuir 28(1):235–241. https://doi.org/10.1021/la203607w
Sint K, Wang B, Král P (2008) Selective ion passage through functionalized grapheme nanopores. J Am Chem Soc 130(49):16448–16449. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja804409f
Song W, Yang T, Wang X, Sun Y, Ai Y, Sheng G, Hayat T, Wang X (2016) Experimental and theoretical evidence for competitive interactions of tetracycline and sulfamethazine with reduced graphene oxides. Environ Sci Nanotechnol 3(6):1318–1326. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EN00306K
Storm MM, Overgaard M, Younesi R, Reeler NE, Vosch T, Nielsen UG, Edstrom K, Norby P (2015) Reduced graphene oxide for Li–air batteries: the effect of oxidation time and reduction conditions for graphene oxide. Carbon 85:233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.12.104
Suk ME, Aluru N (2010) Water transport through ultrathin graphene. J Phys Chem Lett 1(10):1590–1594. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz100240r
Sun SJ, Chang CP (2008) Ballistic transport in bilayer nano-graphite ribbons under gate and magnetic fields. Eur Phys J B 64(2):249–255. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2008-00309-4
Sun P, Zhu M, Wang K, Zhong M, Wei J, Wu D, Xu Z, Zhu H (2012a) Selective ion penetration of graphene oxide membranes. ACS Nano 7:428–437
Sun Y, Wang Q, Chen C, Tan X, Wang X (2012b) Interaction between Eu(III) and graphene oxide nanosheets investigated by batch and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and by modeling techniques. Environ Sci Technol 46(11):6020–6027. https://doi.org/10.1021/es300720f
Sun Y, Shao D, Chen C, Yang S, Wang X (2013a) Highly efficient enrichment of radionuclides on graphene oxide-supported polyaniline. Environ Sci Technol 47(17):9904–9910. https://doi.org/10.1021/es401174n
Sun Y, Yang S, Zhao G, Wang Q, Wang X (2013b) Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on graphene oxides and reduced graphene oxides. Chem Asian J 8(11):2755–2761. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201300496
Sun Y, Yang S, Chen Y, Ding C, Cheng W, Wang X (2015) Adsorption and desorption of U(VI) on functionalized graphene oxides: a combined experimental and theoretical study. Environ Sci Technol 49(7):4255–4262. https://doi.org/10.1021/es505590j
Sun Y, Lu S, Wang X, Xu C, Li J, Chen C, Chen J, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Alharbi NS, Wang X (2017) Plasma-facilitated synthesis of amidoxime/carbon nanofiber hybrids for effective enrichment of 238U(VI) and 241Am(III). Environ Sci Technol 49:12274–12282
Tchobanoglous G, Franklin LB (1991) Wastewater engineering: treatment, disposal and reuse. McGraw Hill, Inc., New York
Vettorazzi G (1979) International regulatory aspects for pesticide chemicals, vol. 1. CRC Press Inc, p 14
Wang B, Král P (2007) Optimal atomistic modifications of material surfaces: design of selective nesting sites for biomolecules. Small 3(4):580–584. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200600433
Wang Z, Yu H, Xia J, Zhang F, Li F, Xia Y, Li Y (2012) Novel GO-blended PVDF ultrafiltration membranes. Desalination 299:50–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.05.015
Wang S, Sun H, Ang HM, Tade MO (2013) Adsorption remediation of environmental pollutants using novel graphene-based nanomaterials. Chem Eng J 226:336–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.04.070
Weber B, Holz F (1991) Landfill leachates treatment by reverse osmosis. In: Turner MK (ed) Effective industrial membrane processes: benefits and opportunities. Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Barking Essex
Wei D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Huang L, Yu G (2009) Synthesis of N-doped graphene by chemical vapor deposition and its electrical properties. Nano Lett 9(5):1752–1758. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl803279t
Williams AR (1991) The use of reverse osmosis for the purification of coal gasification liquors. In: Turner MK (ed) Effective industrial membrane processes: benefits and opportunities. Elsevier science Publishers Ltd., Barking Essex
Wu Z, Zhong H, Yuan X, Wang H, Wang L, Chen X, Zeng G, Wu Y (2014) Adsorptive removal of methylene blue by rhamnolipid-functionalized graphene oxide from wastewater. Water Res 67:330–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.026
Xinhong G, Ying T, Wenjie R, Jun M, Christie P, Yongming L (2017) Optimization of ex-situ washing removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a contaminated soil using nano-sulfonated graphene. Pedosphere 27:527–536
Xu Z, Gao C (2011) Graphene chiral liquid crystals and macroscopic assembled fibres. Nat Commun 2:571. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1583
Xu J, Wang L, Zhu Y (2012) Decontamination of bisphenol A from aqueous solution by graphene adsorption. Langmuir 28(22):8418–8425. https://doi.org/10.1021/la301476p
Yang J, Gunasekaran S (2013) Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide sheets for use in high performance supercapacitors. Carbon 51:6–44
Yu L, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Liu J, Zhang H, Song C (2013) Preparation and characterization of HPEI-GO/PES ultrafiltration membrane with antifouling and antibacterial properties. J Membr Sci 447:452–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.07.042
Yu S, Wang X, Ai Y, Tan X, Hayat T, Hu W, Wang X (2016) Experimental and theoretical studies on competitive adsorption of aromatic compounds on reduced graphene oxides. J Mater Chem 4(15):5654–5662. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA00890A
Yu S, Wang X, Yao W, Wang J, Ji Y, Ai Y, Alsaedi A, Hayat T, Wang X (2017) Macroscopic, spectroscopic, and theoretical investigation for the interaction of phenol and naphthol on reduced graphene oxide. Environ Sci Technol 51(6):3278–3286. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06259
Zaib Q, Fath H (2012) Application of carbon nano-materials in desalination processes. Desalin Water Treat 51:627–636
Zhang J, Zou H, Qing Q, Yang Y, Li Q, Liu Z, Guo X, Du Z (2003) Effect of chemical oxidation on the structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 107(16):3712–3718. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp027500u
Zhang J, Xu Z, Shan M, Zhou B, Li Y, Li B, Niu J, Qian X (2013) Synergetic effects of oxidized carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide on fouling control and anti-fouling mechanism of polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes. J Membr Sci 448:81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.07.064
Zhao G, Li J, Ren X, Chen C, Wang X (2011a) Few-layered graphene oxide nanosheets as superior sorbents for heavy metal ion pollution management. Environ Sci Technol 45(24):10454–10462. https://doi.org/10.1021/es203439v
Zhao G, Li J, Wang X (2011b) Kinetic and thermodynamic study of 1-naphthol adsorption from aqueous solution to sulfonated graphene nanosheets. Chem Eng J 173:185–190
Zhao G, Jiang L, He Y, Li J, Dong H, Wang X, Hu W (2011c) Sulfonated graphene for persistent aromatic pollutant management. Adv Mater 23(34):3959–3963. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201101007
Zhu Y, Murali S, Cai W, Li X, Suk JW, Potts JR, Ruoff RS (2010) Graphene and graphene oxide: synthesis, properties, and applications. Adv Mater 22(35):3906–3924. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201001068
Zhu J, Sadu R, Wei S, Chen DH, Haldolaarachchige N, Luo Z, Gomes JA, Young DP, Guo Z (2012) Magnetic graphene nanoplatelet composites toward arsenic removal. ECS J Solid State Sci Technol 1:1–5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ali, I., Alharbi, O.M.L., Tkachev, A. et al. Water treatment by new-generation graphene materials: hope for bright future. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 7315–7329 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1315-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1315-9