Abstract
The Sinos River is an important water supply in Southern Brazil and receives industrial, agricultural, and domestic effluents which may affect aquatic biota. Water physicochemical and microbiological analyses, biomarker responses (scaled mass index (SMI), gill histopathology, and micronucleus and nuclear abnormality (MN and NA) frequencies), and metal bioaccumulation in muscle were assessed in the fish species Bryconamericus iheringii (Characidae) captured at three sampling sites (S1, S2, and S3) in four sampling periods. The mean values of five parameters (total phosphorus, thermotolerant coliforms, aluminum, iron, and lead) exceeded the limits established by the Brazilian legislation at the three sampling sites. Although physicochemical analysis indicated higher impacts at S3, in some samples, significantly higher MN frequencies and bioaccumulation of manganese in fish muscle were observed at S1, whereas low SMI and higher concentrations of aluminum and zinc in fish muscle were found at S2. Histopathological alterations in gills were observed in fish collected at the three sampling sites; however, no spatial differences were observed, indicating similar environmental conditions with respect to this biomarker. Moreover, temporal variation of biomarker responses and metal bioaccumulation were found at all sampling sites. Furthermore, the consumption of fish from the Sinos River should be avoided given the concentrations of chromium (all samples), cadmium, and lead in fish muscle above the threshold for safe human consumption.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul—FAPERGS (scholarships), Universidade Feevale, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnólogico (CNPq) (grant number 459718/2014-2). LBS is a CNPq researcher (308244/2015-0).
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The procedures followed animal care protocols, and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of Universidade Feevale (protocol no. 02.13.022), whereas fish collections were authorized by the Brazilian environmental agency (SISBIO No. 40376–2)
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Dalzochio, T., Rodrigues, G.Z.P., Simões, L.A.R. et al. In situ monitoring of the Sinos River, southern Brazil: water quality parameters, biomarkers, and metal bioaccumulation in fish. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 9485–9500 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1244-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1244-7