Abstract
Allorhizobium (Agrobacterium) vitis is a host-specific pathogenic bacterium that causes grapevine crown gall disease, affecting vine growth and production worldwide. The antibacterial activities of different aromatic plant essential oils were tested in vitro and in planta against A. vitis. Among the essential oils tested, those of Origanum compactum and Thymus vulgaris showed the most significant in vitro antibacterial activities, with a MIC of 0.156 and 0.312 mg/mL, respectively. A synergistic effect of these two essential oils (1:1) was observed and confirmed by the checkerboard test. Carvacrol (61.8%) and thymol (47.8%) are, respectively, the major compounds in the essential oils of O. compactum and T. vulgaris and they have been shown to be largely responsible for the antibacterial activities of their corresponding essential oils. Results obtained in vitro were reinforced by an in planta pathogenicity test. A mixture of O. compactum and T. vulgaris essential oils (1:1), inoculated into the injured stem of a tomato plant and a grapevine at 0.312 mg/mL as a preventive treatment, reduced both the number of plants developing gall symptoms and the size of the tumors.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank David Chapulliot (UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR) and Laurence Loiseau (PARMIC platform of UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR) for their technical assistance, and Rosa Padilla (UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR) for reading the manuscript and providing suggestions. Plant experiments were performed with the help of Elise Lacroix at the “Serre and chambres climatiques” platform of the BioenviS Research Federation. Confocal microscopy was performed at the Technological Center of Microstructures of Lyon (CTμ), with the help of Béatrice Burdin.
Funding
This study was supported by the PRAD 14-08 project “Biological control of Agrobacterium vitis, the causal agent of Crown gall on grapevines”, the regional center of the National Institute for Agricultural Research Meknes (INRA), the French national programme EC2CO- Biohefect/Ecodyn//Dril/MicrobiEn (IBAD).
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Habbadi, K., Meyer, T., Vial, L. et al. Essential oils of Origanum compactum and Thymus vulgaris exert a protective effect against the phytopathogen Allorhizobium vitis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 29943–29952 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1008-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1008-9