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Guidelines for the restoration of the tropical timber tree Anacardium excelsum: first input from genetic data

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Abstract

Translocation of trees has been used as a common method to mediate genetic conservation and restoration of forests. However, very few programs include strategies developed to recover or maintain the genetic diversity of the translocated species. Anacardium excelsum is a tree native to the tropics of America that is extensively used in forestry. In Colombia, restoration of forests through the translocation of native species has regained importance, and A. excelsum has been recently included in the National Strategy for Plant Conservation. Thus, in order to define the level of genetic structure and the level of genetic diversity within certain regions where remnants of the seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) of Colombia have been retained, we genotyped 106 trees using nuclear inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and sequenced two non-coding chloroplast loci for these specimens. Our ISSR dataset revealed the existence of a gradient in genetic diversity within A. excelsum with the most diverse remnants encountered in the south of the country, while the localities sampled in the Caribbean coast and in the Chicamocha canyon were less diverse. Chloroplast loci also pointed out the very low genetic diversity of A. excelsum from the Chicamocha canyon and we propose to prioritize this area within future conservation programs. Both chloroplast and nuclear markers supported the existence of genetic divergence between distinct regions of Colombia, uncovering genetic differences between inter-Andean, Caribbean, and Chicamocha canyon A. excelsum remnants. Hence, we advise to choose the provenance of seeds or plants carefully before translocation and to consider minimal mixing of material from different regions when initializing restoration programs for A. excelsum, in Colombia.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Fernando Fernández Méndez, Omar Aurelio Melo, Luis C. Acosta Cadenas, German Urueña Serrano, Carlos A. Morales Carranza, Jeferson D. Galvis Jiménez, Sonia C. Camargo Roa, Jhon J. Borda Velasquez, Ivan D. Vergara Terreros, Vannesa A. Montoya Sánchez, and Raul Rico Molina for their assistance in the field and for providing samples of Anacardium excelsum from Colombia. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments.

Data Archiving Statement

The distinct haplotypes detected were deposited in GENBANK under numbers MG309720-MG309723 and MG309724-MG309726 for rpl20-rps12 and trnL-trnF, respectively.

Funding

This research was supported by the program “Talento Humano” No. 043-16 from the Universidad del Tolima attributed to K. T. B-G.

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Author notes

  1. Kelly T. Bocanegra-González and Marie-Laure Guillemin contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistemas Tropicales, Facultad de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, 730001, Colombia

    Kelly T. Bocanegra-González

  2. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile

    Marie-Laure Guillemin

  3. CNRS, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris VI, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France

    Marie-Laure Guillemin

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  1. Kelly T. Bocanegra-González
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Correspondence to Kelly T. Bocanegra-González.

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Communicated by F. Gugerli

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Bocanegra-González, K.T., Guillemin, ML. Guidelines for the restoration of the tropical timber tree Anacardium excelsum: first input from genetic data. Tree Genetics & Genomes 14, 59 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-018-1271-z

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