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Identification of QTLs controlling chilling and heat requirements for dormancy release and bud break in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume)

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Abstract

Bud dormancy is an important developmental stage affecting blooming date and leafing date (LD) in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume), but the genetic factors controlling the chilling requirement (CR) and heat requirement (HR) for dormancy release and bud burst time remain to be elucidated. Here, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using two F1 segregating populations was conducted to identify loci affecting these traits. The genotyping-by-sequencing technique was used to construct two high-density genetic maps, one for NKSC, a population derived from high-chill ‘Nanko’ crossed with low-chill ‘SC’, covering 660.2 cM with 408 markers, and one for NINK, a population derived from low-chill ‘Ellching’ crossed with ‘Nanko’, covering 1314.2 cM with 718 markers. We observed four traits: CR and HR for dormancy release, blooming date, and LD over several years. To identify the QTL controlling the downregulation of DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box6 (PmDAM6) in January’s leaf buds, in which PmDAM6 could act as a dose-dependent inhibitor of bud break, its transcript levels in leaf buds were determined. All traits segregated in the analyzed seasons in both populations. For leaf bud dormancy, CR and LD were highly correlated across years and traits in the NKSC population, while HR, LD, and PmDAM6 expression were highly correlated in the NINK population. The QTL analyses localized the significant QTLs controlling leaf bud CR and HR, LD, and PmDAM6 expression in leaf buds to a region in linkage group 4, which suggests that this locus controls dormancy release, bud break, and PmDAM6’s downregulation in Japanese apricot leaf buds.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Edanz Group for editing a draft of this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) from the Japan society for Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI grant number 26252005) to H.Y

Data archiving statement

All the obtained sequences from Illumina sequencing reads will be available from the NCBI/DDBJ Sequence Read Archive under the following accession numbers, DRA006645 (BioProject: PRJDB6835).

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Author notes

  1. Yuto Kitamura and Tsuyoshi Habu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Yuto Kitamura, Hisayo Yamane, Soichiro Nishiyama, Kei Kajita, Takuya Sobue & Ryutaro Tao

  2. Japanese Apricot Laboratory, Wakayama Fruits Experimental Station, Minabe, Wakayama, Japan

    Yuto Kitamura & Koji Numaguchi

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan

    Tsuyoshi Habu

  4. Experimental Farm, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Takatsuki, Japan

    Takashi Kawai, Tetsuya Nakazaki & Akira Kitajima

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  1. Yuto Kitamura
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  2. Tsuyoshi Habu
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  3. Hisayo Yamane
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Correspondence to Hisayo Yamane.

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Communicated by V. Decroocq

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Kitamura, Y., Habu, T., Yamane, H. et al. Identification of QTLs controlling chilling and heat requirements for dormancy release and bud break in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume). Tree Genetics & Genomes 14, 33 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-018-1243-3

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