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Patterns of neutral and adaptive genetic diversity across the natural range of sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.)

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Abstract

Demographic and environmental forces shape geographical patterns of genetic diversity. Knowledge thereof is not only important for evolutionary ecologists but, in light of future climate change, will be of interest to conservation biologists as well. Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) is an ecologically important species found in mixed conifer forests across western North America. We applied a candidate-gene-based environmental study to infer spatial patterns in neutral genetic variation and to identify genetic variants associated with local adaptation to drought. Using a panel of 186 candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), we genotyped 313 individual trees sampled across the entire state of California, USA. We found evidence for a large-scale subdivision into two genetic clusters along the latitudinal axis and increased genetic similarity among sugar pines within a 200–300-km boundary. Associating allelic to environmental variation indicated nine putative SNPs related to local adaptation to drought. These results provide insights into neutral population structure across the natural range of sugar pine and further substantiated a key role of the mitochondrial import inner membrane machinery in enhanced tolerance to drought and constitute important steps into unravelling the eco-evolutionary dynamics in sugar pine.

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Acknowledgments

We are very much indebted to J. Liechty for his bioinformatical assistance. We wish to express our gratitude to J. Gleason and J. Dunlap from the US Forest Service for all the logistic support when collecting seed samples at Placerville, CA, USA, and providing all the necessary metadata. A postdoctoral fellowship from the Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF) and a travel grant from the Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO) was granted to CV.

Data archiving statement

Genotype and environmental data have been deposited in the TreeGenes Database (accession number TGDR059).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, 1000, Belgium

    Carl Vangestel

  2. Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium

    Carl Vangestel

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Carl Vangestel, Alejandra Vázquez-Lobo, Pedro J. Martínez-García, Irina Calic & David B. Neale

  4. Research Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209, Mexico

    Alejandra Vázquez-Lobo

  5. Department Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA

    Jill L. Wegrzyn

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  1. Carl Vangestel
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  2. Alejandra Vázquez-Lobo
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  3. Pedro J. Martínez-García
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  4. Irina Calic
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  5. Jill L. Wegrzyn
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Correspondence to Carl Vangestel.

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Communicated by S. C. González-Martínez

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Vangestel, C., Vázquez-Lobo, A., Martínez-García, P.J. et al. Patterns of neutral and adaptive genetic diversity across the natural range of sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.). Tree Genetics & Genomes 12, 51 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-016-0998-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-016-0998-7

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