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Italian wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris) population: insights into eco-geographical aspects and genetic structure

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Abstract

An extended survey showed that the Italian wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi) population is still numerous, in spite of a range of threats. In this study, one hundred and sixty-one sites distributed in 10 Italian regions were explored and 814 wild samples were collected. The individuals were unequally distributed on all the national territory and they were mainly concentrated in some areas of Central and Southern Italy. The highest percentage of wild individuals was sampled in sites below 300 m of altitude with a connection to a hydrographic network, marginal from dense vegetation and with a high-quality environment conservation state. A possible correlation between the presence of wild grapevine individuals and carbonatic soil substratum was found. On 668 individuals, a genetic analysis was carried out by the 20 microsatellite loci commonly utilized for V. vinifera genotyping, to infer information on the population genetic diversity and structure; 645 individuals resulted as unique genetic profiles. According to Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) analysis, the Italian wild population still conserves a high genetic diversity and a low inbreeding level. Moreover, any clear genetic structure was not observed inside the population, although a likely splitting between the two subpopulations from Central and Southern Italy was identified. Two alternative hypotheses were proposed to explain this result: (i) the beginning of a progressive differentiation process inside the population and (ii) the product of recolonization events occurred after the last glaciation.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Italian Ministry for Environment Territory and Sea for the financial support; the National Forestry Corp, the staff of Natural Reserves and Parks, Drs. L. Gubellini, F. Selvi, G. Lazzari and O. Sculli for their informational support and field investigations guiding; Dr. P. Carnevali for the graphical contribution; and Dr. Marina Fogarty for the revision of the English text.

Publication of the COST Action FA1003 “East-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding.”

Data archiving statement

A complete list of the sampled wild grapevine subpopulations is present in the Online Resource 1. An accidental number was attributed to each individual to carry out the analyses and this refers to subpopulation of provenience, but in the present work, they remained anonymous, because all eco-geographical consideration and all genetic analyses were based on the geographical groupings.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali Produzione Territorio Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria2, 20133, Milan, Italy

    B. Biagini, G. De Lorenzis, O. Failla & A. Scienza

  2. Centro Interdipartimentale Biogest-Siteia, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2–Padiglione Besta, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy

    S. Imazio

Authors
  1. B. Biagini
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  2. G. De Lorenzis
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  3. S. Imazio
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  4. O. Failla
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  5. A. Scienza
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Biagini.

Additional information

Communicated by G. G. Vendramin

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Biagini, B., De Lorenzis, G., Imazio, S. et al. Italian wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris) population: insights into eco-geographical aspects and genetic structure. Tree Genetics & Genomes 10, 1369–1385 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0767-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0767-4

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