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Reproduction compromises adaptive immunity in a cyprinid fish

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Ecological Research

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Abstract

Vertebrates differ in their ability to mount an adaptive immune response to novel antigens. Bioenergetic resources available to an organism are finite; investment in reproduction compromises immune function and may therefore affect critical life history trade-offs. We tested whether reproduction impairs the ability to produce an antibody response against a novel antigen in roach (Rutilus rutilus). The antigen approach has rarely been used in fish studies, and the ability to produce an antibody response during reproductive season has never been tested in cyprinid fish before. The fish in an experimental group were injected with a Brucella abortus (BA) antigen, while the fish in a control group were injected with an isotonic saline solution. Blood samples were extracted from all the fish to obtain the total number and proportion of blood cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils and antioxidant glutathione. The groups were tested during the spawning season and one week after it had ended. The roach were unable to mount an immune response during spawning but produced a robust response after it. We conclude that reproduction is costly in roach, as indicated by the increased concentration of neutrophils in fish injected with BA during spawning, as well as the negative associations between neutrophil counts and glutathione levels. This study demonstrates the potential of BA antigen as a research tool in experimental research on fish ecological immunology.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Arturs Škute for support during all phases of this study. We also thank Riina, Rein and Risto Kalda and Imre Taal for their assistance. The study was funded by the Science Council of Latvia (Grant No. # 290/2012) (to I.A. Krams and T. Krama), by a project (Grant No. # 2013/0067/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/13/APIA/VIAA/060) of the European Social Fund, and a personal grant (PUT1223) from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (to I.A. Krams and T. Krama). The research reported here complied with the legal ethical requirements of the Republic of Estonia (ethical permit #56 issued by the Ministry of Rural Affairs).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, The University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

    Indrikis A. Krams

  2. Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Rīga, Latvia

    Indrikis A. Krams, Didzis Elferts & Dina Cīrule

  3. Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

    Katariina Rumvolt & Lauri Saks

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia

    Ronalds Krams, Jolanta Vrublevska, Sanita Kecko & Tatjana Krama

  5. Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia

    Didzis Elferts

  6. Department of Biology and Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

    Markus J. Rantala

  7. English, Drama and Writing Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Severi Luoto

  8. School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Severi Luoto

  9. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Science, Tartu, Estonia

    Tatjana Krama

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  1. Indrikis A. Krams
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Correspondence to Indrikis A. Krams.

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Krams, I.A., Rumvolt, K., Saks, L. et al. Reproduction compromises adaptive immunity in a cyprinid fish. Ecol Res 32, 559–566 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-017-1467-y

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