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Traffic-aware stateless multipath routing for fault-tolerance in IEEE 802.15.4 wireless mesh networks

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Abstract

Single-path routing is widely used in wireless networks due to low resource consumption. However, it is vulnerable to link failure because such a failure may adversely affect an entire path. To overcome this, multipath routing has been proposed providing fault-tolerance. In this paper, we propose a novel multipath routing protocol called traffic-aware stateless multipath routing (TSMR) based on an overlaid tree topology comprising two topologies, namely, bounded degree tree (BDT) and root-oriented directional tree (RODT). BDT is strong on reducing routing overhead, and RODT is resilient against lossy links. By synergistically overlaying them, TSMR dynamically selects the local optimal path according to the given traffic flow and the failure on the primary path. In particular, TSMR enables stateless and low overhead routing despite multipath routing by keeping only one-hop neighbors to maintain multiple paths. To evaluate TSMR, we conducted simulations with a shadowing model reflecting lossy links, and compared with single and multipath routing protocols, such as ZTR, STR, AODV, and RPL. The simulation results show that the overall performance of TSMR surpasses that of others for packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, control overhead, memory consumption, and power consumption regardless of network size, number of sessions, and traffic flow.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. R01261610020001002, Development of agro-livestock cloud and application service for balanced production, transparent distribution and safe consumption based on GS1) and National GNSS Research Center program of Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Agency for Defense Development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea

    Kiwoong Kwon & Daeyoung Kim

  2. Software Group, YBrain, Seongnam, 13487, Korea

    Seong Hoon Kim

  3. School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden

    Minkeun Ha

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  1. Kiwoong Kwon
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  2. Seong Hoon Kim
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Correspondence to Kiwoong Kwon.

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The early version of this paper appears in the proceedings of International Conference on Global Communication Conference (GLOBECOM), 2013 [1].

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Kwon, K., Kim, S.H., Ha, M. et al. Traffic-aware stateless multipath routing for fault-tolerance in IEEE 802.15.4 wireless mesh networks. Wireless Netw 24, 1755–1774 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-016-1427-4

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