Abstract
On-Farm Ponds (OFPs) are an important irrigation facility in rice-based irrigation systems. An OFP water reuse system in paddy field districts is composed of upstream commanded paddy fields, irrigation and drainage ditches, cascaded OFPs and downstream irrigated paddy fields. This study assesses the performance of an OFP water reuse system and explores potential water management strategies to enhance return flow reuse for rice production. A cascaded model including a modified two-tank module and a pond water balance module is developed to describe hydrologic characteristics of the water reuse system. Model calibration and validation show that the measured and simulated data are in a good agreement and the proposed model can be used to hydrologic analyses of OFP water reuse systems. The water reuse system has high water reuse efficiency as the return flow regulated by OFPs was reused several times from the upstream to downstream of the paddy fields. Return flow and actual reuse water increase with the maximum ponded depth of paddy fields. As the water level in a drainage ditch decreases, the available return flow increases and local water shortage can be alleviated. The supply-and-demand gap between seasons becomes more harmonized when the regulated water level in pond increases, resulting in a decrease in water shortage. The reuse of return flow is a quick-response water supply solution to meet the rice water demand during peak demand periods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
Arnold JG, Stockle CO (1991) Simulation of supplemental irrigation from on-farm ponds. J Irrig Drain Eng 117:408–424
Berge HFM, Metselaar K, Jansen MJW, Agustin EM, Woodhead T (1995) The SAWAH Riceland Hydrology Model. Water Resour Res 31:2721–2732
Chang YC, Lin WT, Hsu NS, Kan CE (2010) Reuse of return flow from wetland paddy to supplement industrial water needs. Irrig Drain 59(3):345–355
Chapagain AK, Hoekstra AY (2011) The blue, green and grey water footprint of rice from production and consumption perspectives. Ecol Econ 70:749–758
Chen RS, Yang KH (2010) Terraced paddy field rainfall-runoff mechanism and simulation using a revised tank model. Paddy Water Environ 9(2):237–247
Chen SK, Liu CW, Huang HC (2002) Analysis of water movement in paddy rice fields (II) simulation studies. J Hydrol 268:259–271
Dai J, Cui Y, Cai X, Brown LC, Shang Y (2016) Influence of water management on the water cycle in a small watershed irrigation system based on a distributed hydrologic model. Agric Water Manag 174:52–60
Datta A, Ullah H, Ferdous Z (2017) Water Management in Rice. In: Chauhan BS (Eds.), Rice Production Worldwide. Springer International Publishing, pp. 255-277
Dewandel B, Gandolfi JM, de Condappa D, Ahmed S (2008) An efficient methodology for estimating irrigation return flow coefficients of irrigated crops at watershed and seasonal scale. Hydrol Process 22(11):1700–1712
Dong B, Mao Z, Brown L, Chen X, Peng L, Wang J (2009) Irrigation ponds: Possibility and potentials for the treatment of drainage water from paddy fields in Zhanghe Irrigation System. Sci China Ser E: Technol Sci 52(11):3320–3327
Fan SY, Chen JY, Chang YC, Kan CE, Cheng CC (2013) The reasonable scale of water reuse system in irrigation area: a case study of Chitong irrigation district in Taiwan. Paddy Water Environ 11:35–44
Guerra LC, Watson PG, Bhuiyan SI (1990) Hydrolocal analysis of on farm small reservoirs in rainfed rice areas. Agr Water Manage 17(4):351–366
Hayase Y (1994) Evaluation of paddy fields for flood control and a proposal of their enhancing project. J Japanese Soc Irrig Drain Reclamation Eng 62(10):943–948 (in Japanese)
Huang H, Liu C, Chen S, Chen J (2003) Analysis of percolation and seepage through paddy bunds. J Hydrol 284:13–25
Jayatilaka CJ, Sakthivadivel R, Shinogi Y, Makin IW, Witharana P (2003) A simple water balance modelling approach for determining water availability in an irrigation tank cascade system. J Hydrol 273:81–102
Jiang Y, Hu T, Huang CC, Wu X (2007) An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. Appl Math Comput 193(1):231–239
Kim HK, Jang TI, Im SJ, Park SW (2009) Estimation of irrigation return flow from paddy fields considering the soil moisture. Agr Water Manage 96(5):875–882
Liu CW, Chen SK, Jang CS (2004) Modelling water infiltration in cracked paddy field soil. Hydrol Process 18:2503–2513
Liu L, Luo Y, He C, Lai J, Li X (2010) Roles of the combined irrigation, drainage, and storage of the canal network in improving water reuse in the irrigation districts along the lower Yellow River, China. J Hydrol 391(1-2):157–174
Mohan S, Vijayalakshmi D (2009) Prediction of irrigation return flows through a hierarchical modeling approach. Agric Water Manag 96(2):233–246
Mushtaq S, Dawe D, Lin H, Moya P (2006) An assessment of the role of ponds in the adoption of water-saving irrigation practices in the Zhanghe Irrigation System, China. Agric Water Manag 83(1-2):100–110
Panigrahi B, Panda SN, Mal BC (2007) Rainwater conservation and recycling by optimal size on-farm reservoir. Resour Conserv Recycl 50:459–474
Penman HL (1948) Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc Roy Soc A 193:120–145
Prasad R, Shivay YS, Kumar D (2017) Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities in Rice Production. In: Chauhan BS (Eds.), Rice Production Worldwide. Springer International Publishing, pp. 255-277
Sahoo BC, Panda SN (2016) Feasibility and sizing of unlined on-farm pond for partial rice substitution in rainfed uplands of eastern India. Paddy Water Environ 14:403–415
Shao D, Tan X, Liu H, Yang H, Xiao C, Yang F (2013) Performance analysis of on-farm irrigation tanks on agricultural drainage water reuse and treatment. Resour Conserv Recycl 75:1–13
Sugawara M (1985) Methods of Runoff Analysis. Keo Litsu Book Co: Tokyo, 147 pp (In Japanese)
Tan X, Shao D, Liu H, Yang F, Xiao C, Yang H (2013) Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on percolation and nitrogen leaching in paddy fields. Paddy Water Environ 11(1-4):381–395
Tyagi NK, Sharma DK, Luthra SK (2000) Determination of evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of rice and sunflower with lysimeter. Agr Water Manage 45:41–54
Acknowledgements
This study was granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51439006, 51379150, 91547108, 51779279) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0405905 and 2016YFC0401305). The first author was financially supported by the China Scholarship Council and the State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydro-power Engineering at Wuhan University. Constructive comments and suggestions from anonymous reviewers and editors greatly helped improve the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
No interest conflict.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tan, X., Shao, D. & Gu, W. Improving Water Reuse in Paddy Field Districts with Cascaded On-farm Ponds using Hydrologic Model Simulations. Water Resour Manage 32, 1849–1865 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-1907-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-1907-7