Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative evaluation of different therapeutic protocols for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Himalayan Pashmina goats

  • Regular Articles
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Therapeutic management of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia (CCPP) involves mostly the use of oxytetracycline followed by enrofloxacin and rarely tylosin. In many parts of the world including India, the former antibiotics are commonly available than the latter. Therefore, prolonged use of the same leads to the development of antibiotic resistance and decreased efficacy of drug. Besides, inflammatory and allergic pathogenesis of CCPP envisages combination therapy. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the combination therapy using different antibiotics (oxytetracycyline @ 10: group I, enrofloxacin @ 5 group II, and tylosin: group III, @ 10 mg/kg body weight), along with anti-inflammatory (meloxicam @ 0.5 mg/kg) and anti-allergic (pheneramine maleate @ 1.0 mg/kg) drugs. These drugs were given intramuscularly at the interval of 48 h for four times in three test groups (n = 10) of Pashmina goats, viz. groups I, II, and III, respectively, affected with CCPP. Group IV (n = 10) was kept as healthy control when group V (n = 10) treated with oxytetracycline @ 10 mg/kg alone was used as positive control. Clinical signs, clinical parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), and oxidative stress indices (total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS)) were evaluated at hours 0, 48, 96, and 144 of experimental trial. Tylosin-based combination therapy resulted in a rapid and favorable recovery resulting in restoration of normal body temperature (102.46 ± 0.31 °F), respiration rate (16.30 ± 0.79 per minute), and heart rate (89.50 ± 2.63 per minute) compared to the oxytetracycline (102.95 ± 0.13, 21.30 ± 1.12, 86.00 ± 2.33, respectively) and enrofloxacin (102.97 ± 0.19, 21.00 ± 1.25, 90.00 ± 2.58, respectively) treated groups. By hour 144, all the groups showed restoration of clinical parameters of normal health and diminishing signs of CCPP, viz. fever, dyspnea, coughing, nasal discharge, weakness, and pleurodynia. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in levels of TNF-α and non-significant (P > 0.05) decrease in levels of TOS and an increase in levels of TAS were noted from hour 0 to 144 in all the test groups. Within the groups, no significant (P > 0.05) change was noted in TNF-α, TOS, and TAS levels; however, TNF-α levels were comparatively lower in group III. Hematological parameters did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). From these findings, it can be inferred that tylosin-based combination therapy is relatively better for early, rapid, and safe recovery besides minimizing inflammatory and oxidative cascade in CCPP affected Pashmina goats compared to oxytetracycline- and enrofloxacin-based therapies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdelsalam, E.B., Goraish, I.A. and Tartour, G., 1988. Clinico-pathological aspects of naturally-occurring contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in the Sudan. Revue d’élevage et Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 41, 52–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abraham, S.S., Asha, T.T., Julie, B., Prathiush, P.R., Nandakumar, S. and Prasad, P.M., 2015. Pathological and molecular characterization of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) outbreak in Kerala. Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 39, 121–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arif, A., Schulz, J., Thiaucourt, F., Taha, A. and Hammer, S., 2007. Contagious caprine pleuro pneumonia outbreak in captive wild ungulates at Al-Wabra wildlife preservation, State of Qatar. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 38, 93–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bagherwal, R.K. and Sisodia, R.S., 1991. Long acting oxytetracycline as chemotherapeutic agent against pneumonia in kids due to mycoplasma infection. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 15, 140–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajantri, B., Venkatram, S. and Diaz-Fuentesa, G., 2018. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A potentially severe infection. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 10, 535–544.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bednarek, B., Zdzisinska., Kondracki, M. and Kandefer-Szerszen, M., 2003. Effect of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with long-acting oxytetracycline on non-specific immunity of calves suffering from enzootic bronchopneumonia. Veterinary Microbiology, 96, 53–67.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhaumik, A., Verma, B.B., Thakur, D.K., Pandey, S.N. and Banerjee, N.C., 1990. Effect of oral administration of tylosin tartrate in the treatment of experimental and natural cases of caprine mycoplasmosis. Indian Veterinary Journal, 67, 948–951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biswas, S.K., 2016. Does the interdependence between oxidative stress and inflammation explain the antioxidant paradox? Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, ID: 5698931.

  • Bolske, G., Johansson, K.E., Heinonen, R., Panvuga, P.A. and Twinamasiko, E., 1995. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Uganda and isolation of Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae from goats and sheep. Veterinary Record, 137, 594.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J.R., Weng, C.N., Ho, T.Y., Cheng, I.C. and Lai, S.S., 2000. Identification of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Veterinary Microbiology, 73, 301–310.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chernova, O.A., Medvedeva, E.S., Mouzykantov, A.A., Baranova, N.B. and Chernov, V.M. 2016. Mycoplasmas and their antibiotic resistance: The problems and prospects in controlling infections. Acta naturae, 8(2), 24–34.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darzi, M.M., Sood, N., Gupta, P.P. and Banga, H.S., 1998. The pathogenicity and pathogenesis of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capri pneumoniae (F38) in the caprine mammary gland. Veterinary Research Communications, 22, 155–165.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhama, K., Latheef, S.K. and Samad, H.A., 2013. Tumor necrosis factor as mediator of inflammatory diseases and its therapeutic targeting: a review. Journal of Medical Sciences, 13, 226–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • EFSA AHAW Panel (European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)-Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AWAH), S. More, A. Bøtner, et al., 2017. Scientific Opinion on the assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. EFSA Journal, 15(10):4996.

  • El Hassan, S.M., Harbi, M.S. and Abu Bakr, M.I., 1984. Treatment of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Veterinary Research Communications, 8, 65–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El Nasri, M., 1964. The effect of tylosin against experimental and natural infection with mycoplasma in goats. Veterinary Record, 76, 876–877.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Deeb, W.M. and Elmoslemany, A.M., 2016. The diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. PeerJ, 4, ID: e2161.

  • El-Deeb, W. and Tharwat, M., 2015. Lipoproteins profile, acute phase proteins, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24, 581–588.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Deeb, W., Almujalli, A.A., Eljalii, I., Elmoslemany, A. and Fayez, M., 2017. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: The first isolation and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Acta Tropica, Apr;168:74–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.017.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erel, O., 2004. A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clinical Biochemistry, 37, 277–285.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erel, O., 2005. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical Biochemistry, 38, 1103–1111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giadinis, N.D., Petridou, E.J., Sofianidis, G., Filioussis, G., Psychas, V., Hatzopoulous, E. and Haratzias, H., 2008. Mortality in adult goats attributed to Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. Veterinary Records,163, 278–279.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gourlay, R.N. 1964. The allergic reaction in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 74, 286–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guha, C., Verma, B.B. and Deb, A.R., 1985. Treatment of experimental and natural cases of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in kids with tylosin tartrate (Tylan-50). Indian Veterinary Journal, 62, 310–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • He, J., Liu, M., Ye, Z., Tan, T., Liu, X., You, X., Zeng, Y. and Wu, Y., 2016. Insights into the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Molecular Medicine Reports, 14, 4030–4036.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirao, S., Wada, H., Nakagaki, K., Saraya, T., Kurai, D., Mikura, S., Yasutake, T., Higaki, M., Yokoyama, T., Ishii, H., Nakata, K., Aakashi, T., Kamiya, S. and Goto, H., 2011. Inflammation provoked by Mycoplasma pneumoniae extract: implications for combination treatment with clarithromycin and dexamethasone. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 62, 182–189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, A., 2012. Treatment of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Veterinary Record, 171, 542–542.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain, R., Auon, M., Khan, A., Khan, M.Z., Mahmood, F. and Ur-Rehman, S., 2012. Caprine pleuropneumonia in Beetal goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44, 477–481.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, N.C., 1986. Schalm's Veterinary Haematology, 4th ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.

  • Jarikre, T.A., Ohore, G.O., Oyagbemi, A.A. and Emikpea, B.O., 2017. Evaluation of oxidative stress in caprine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of pneumonic and normal lungs. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 5, 143–147.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Z., Song, F., Li, Y., Xue, D., Zhao, N., Zhang, J., Deng G., Li, M., Liu, X. and Wang, Y., 2017. Capsular polysaccharide of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae induces sheep airway epithelial cell apoptosis via ROS-dependentJNK/P38 MAPK pathways. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, ID: 6175841.

  • Joshi, V., Gupta, V.K., Bhanuprakash, A.G., Mandal, R.S.K., Dimri, U. and Ajith, Y., 2018. Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A as putative biomarker candidates of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in dairy calves. Microbiology and Pathology, 116, 33–37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kizil, O., Ozdemir, H., Karaha, M. and Kizil, M., 2007. Oxidative stress and alterations of antioxidant status in goats naturally infected with Mycoplasma agalactiae. Revuede Medecine Veterinaire, 158, 326–330.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, L., Shen, W., Zhang, K., Tang, X., Guo, N., Shen, F., Xing, M., Liua, L., Yuana, P., Shi, Q., Liang, J. and Yu, L., 2012. In-vitro antimycoplasmal activity of triclosan in combination with fluoroquinolones against five Mycoplasma species. Iranian Journal Pharmaceutical Research, 11, 1111–1119.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., Jiang, Z., Xue, D., Deng, G., Li, M., Liu, X. and Wang, Y., 2016. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae induces sheep airway epithelial cell apoptosis through an ERK signalling-mediated mitochondria pathway. BMC Microbiology pp. 222.

  • Lignereux, L., Chaber, A.L., Saegerman, C., Manso-Silvan, L., Peyraud, A., Apolloni, A. and Thiaucourt, F.,2018. Unexpected field observations and transmission dynamics of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in a sand gazelle herd. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 157, 70–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacOwan, K.J. and Minette, J.E., 1976. A mycoplasma from acute contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Kenya. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 8, 91–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maritim, N., Ngeiywa, M., Siamba, D., Mining, S. and Wesonga, H., 2018. Influence of worm infection on immunopathological effect of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae pathogen in goats. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Science, 6, 234–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMartin, D.A., MacOwan, K.J. and Swift, L.L., 1980. A century of classical contagious caprine pleuropneumonia — from original description to aetiology. British Veterinary Journal, 136, 507–515.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Medina, J.L., Brooks, E.G., Chaparro, A. and Dube, P.H. 2017. Mycoplasma pneumoniae CARDS toxin elicits a functional IgE response in Balb/c mice. PLoS One, 12, e0172447. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172447.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mondal, D., Pramanik, A.K. and Basak, D.K., 2004. Clinico-haematology and pathology of caprine mycoplasma pneumonia in rain fed tropics of West Bengal. Small Ruminant Research, 51, 285–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muheet, Malik, H.U., Parray, O.R., Bhat, R.A. and Yatoo, M.I. 2019. Seasonal and periodic rhythmicity of respiratory infections in small ruminants. Biological Rhythm Research, https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2019.1576283.

  • Ni, B., Bai, F.F., Wei, Y., Liu, M.J., Feng, Z.X., Xiong, Q.Y., Hua, L.Z. and Shao, G.Q., 2015. Apoptosis induced by lipid-associated membrane proteins from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in a porcine lung epithelial cell line with the involvement of caspase 3 and the MAPK pathway. Genetic and Molecular Research, 14, 11429–11443.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas, R.A.J., 1998. Mycoplasmas of small ruminants and their relevance to Macedonia. Macedonian Veterinary Review, 27, 35–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas, R. and Churchward, C., 2012. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: New aspects of an old disease. Transbound and Emerging Diseases, 59, 189–196.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • OIE (World Organization for Animal Health). 2017. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2017. Available online: http://www.oie.int/en/international-standard-setting/terrestrial-manual/access-online.

  • Parray, O.R., Yatoo, M.I., Muheet, Bhat, R.A., Malik, H.U., Bashir, S.T. and Magray, S.N., 2019. Seroepidemiology and risk factor analysis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Himalayan Pashmina goats. Small Ruminant Research, 171, 23–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prats-van der Ham, Tatay-Dualde, M.J., de la Fe, C., Paterna, A., Sánchez, A., Corrales, J.C., Contreras, A. and Gómez-Martín, Á., 2017. Molecular resistance mechanisms of Mycoplasma agalactiae to macrolides and lincomycin. Veterinary Microbiology, 211, 135–140.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Blood, D.C. and Hinchliff, F.W., 2009. Veterinary Medicine. A text book for the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. 10th Ed. Bailliere Tindall, London.

  • Rahal, A., Kumar, A., Ahmad, A.H., Malik, J.K. and Ahuja, V., 2006. Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in sheep following intravenous and subcutaneous administration. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 29, 321–324.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahal, A., Kumar, A., Ahmad, A.H. and Malik, J.K., 2008. Pharmacokinetics of diclofenac and its interaction with enrofloxacin in sheep. Research in Veterinary Science, 84, 452–456.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Razin, S., Yogev, D. and Naot, Y., 1998. Molecular biology and pathogenecity of mycoplasmas. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 62, 1094–1156.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rurangirwa, F.R. and McGuire, T.C., 1996. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: Diagnosis and control. In: Lebbie S.H.B. and Kagwini E.. Small Ruminant Research and Development in Africa. Proceedings of the Third Biennial Conference of the African Small Ruminant Research Network, UICC, Kampala, Uganda, 5–9 December 1994. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) Nairobi, Kenya, 326 pp.

  • Rurangirwa, F.R., Masiga, W.N., Muriu, D.N., Muthomi, E., Mulira, G., Kagumba, M. and Nandokha, E. 1981. Treatment of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 13, 177–182.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samiullah, S., 2013. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and its current picture in Pakistan: a review. Veterinary Medicine, 58, 389–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar, A.K., Verma, B.B. and Thakur, D.K., 1992. Treatment of natural cases of pneumonia associated with mycoplasma infection. Indian Veterinary Journal, 69 , 1041–1042.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabir, M., Kanwar, M.S., Kubrevi, S.S., Yatoo, M.I., Kumar, S. and Laskit, J., 2017. Enhancement of production of Pashmina goats by mineral and nutrient supplementation in Changthang region of Ladakh. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 87, 349–352.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, M.K., Saddique, U., Ahmad, S., Iqbal, A., Ali, A., Shahzad, W., Khan, M.S., Khan, H., Rehman, H.U., Shah, S.S.A. and Israr M., 2017. Molecular characterization of local isolates of Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies Capripneumoniae in goats (Capra hircus) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 37, 90–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiferaw, G., Tariku, S., Ayelet, G. and Abebe, Z., 2006. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and Mannheimia haemolytica-associated acute respiratory disease of goats and sheep in Afar Region, Ethiopia. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 2, 51153–1163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, W.L. and Dybvig, K., 2015. Catalase Enhances Growth and Biofilm Production of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Current Microbiology, 71, 190–194.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spickler, A.R., 2015. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia. Retrieved from: http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/factsheets.php.

  • Szczepanek, S.M., Boccaccio, M., Pflaum, K., Liao, X. and Geary, S.J., 2014. Hydrogen peroxide production from glycerol metabolism is dispensable for virulence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in the tracheas of chickens. Infection and Immunity, 82, 4915–20.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tagliabue, Salvatore, C.M., Techasaensiri, C., Mejias, A., Torres, J.P., Katz, K., Gomez, A.M., Esposito, S., Principi, N. and Hardy, R.D., 2008. The impact of steroids given with macrolide therapy on experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 198, 1180–1188.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tatay-Dualde, J., Prats-van der Ham, M., de la Fe, C., Paterna, A. and Sánchez, A. J.C., 2017. Corrales, A. Contreras, Á. Gómez-Martín Mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma agalactiae. Veterinary Microbiology, 207, 63–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiaucourt, F. and Bölske, G., 1996. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and other pulmonary mycoplasmoses of sheep and goats. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 15(4), 1397–414.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiaucourt, F., Bölske, G., Leneguersh, B., Smith, D. and Wesonga, H., 1996. Diagnosis and control of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 15, 1415–1429.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiaucourt, F., Pible, O., Miotello, G., Nwankpa, N. and Armengaud, J., 2018. Improving quality control of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia vaccine with tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomics, 18(17), e1800088.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vitula, F., Peckova, L., Bandouchova, H., Pohanka, M., Novotny, L., Jira, D., Kral, J., Ondracek, K., Osickova, J., Zendulkova, D., Rosenbergova, K., Treml, F. and Pikul, J., 2011. Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in the grey partridge Perdix perdix: outbreak description, histopathology, biochemistry and antioxidant parameters. BMC Veterinary Research, 7, 34.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wesonga, H., Bölske, G., Thiaucourt, F., Wanjohi, C. and Lindberg, R., 2004. Experimental contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: a long term study on the course of infection and pathology in a flock of goats infected with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 45, 167–179.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, X., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Wolters, P.J., Killeen, N.P., Sullivan, B.M., Locksley, R.M., Lowell, C.A. and Caughey, G.H. 2006. Neutrophil histamine contributes to inflammation in mycoplasma pneumonia. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 203, 2907–2917.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xue, D., Ma, Y., Li, M., Li, Y., Luo, H., Liu, X. and Wang, Y., 2015. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae induces inflammatory response in sheep airway epithelial cells via a MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 163, 57–66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yatoo, M.I. and Kanwar, M.S., 2016. Management of common diseases of livestock in Changthang, 1–16.

  • Yatoo, M.I., Singh, M., Kubrevi, S.S., Shabir, M., Dar, R. and Angmo, K., 2014. Safeguarding a national asset: a review on problems faced by Pashmina farmers in Changthang and their amelioration. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 84, 1251–1255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yatoo, M.I., Kanwar, M.S., Wani, S.A., Kumar, D. and Dimri, U., 2016. Alteration of metabolic biomarkers and oxidative stress indices in Pashmina (Changthangi) goats under climate change. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 86, 405–413.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yatoo, M.I., Dimri, U., Gopalakrishnan, A., Karthik, K., Gopi, M., Khandia, R., Saminathan, M., Saxena, A., Alagawany, M., Farag, M. R., Munjal, A. and Dhama, K., 2017a. Beneficial health applications and medicinal values of Pedicularis plants: A review. Biomedicine and. Pharmacotherapy, 95, 1301–1313.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yatoo, M.I., Dimri, U., Gopalakrishnan, A., Saxena, A., Wani, S. A. and Dhama, K., 2017b. In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory potential of Pedicularis longiflora and Allium carolinianum in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 97, 375–384.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yatoo, M.I., Parray, O.R., Mir, M.S., Qureshi, S., Kashoo, Z.A., Nadeem, M., Fazili, M.R., Tufani, N.A., Kanwar, M.S., Chakraborty, S., Karthik, K., Dhama, K. and Rana, R., 2018. Mycoplasmosis in small ruminants in India: A review. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 6, 264–281.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yatoo, M.I., Parray, O.R., Bashir, S.T., Muheet, Bhat, R.A., Gopalakrishnan, A., Karthik, K., Dhama, K. and Singh, S.V., 2019a. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia - A Comprehensive review. Veterinary Quarterly, 39, 1–25.

  • Yatoo, M.I., Bhat, R.A., Muheet, Parray, O.R., Shabir, M., Kubrevi, S.S., Dar, R.A., Angmo, K., and Kanwar, M.S., 2019b. A study on biological rhythms of Himalayan Pashmina goats. Biological Rhythm Research, https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2019.1571703.

  • Yatoo, M.I., Parray, O.R., Bhat, R.A., Muheet, Gopalakrishnan, A., Saxena, A., Chakraborty, S., Tiwari, R., Khurana, S.K., Singh, S.V. and Dhama, K. 2019c. Emerging antibiotic resistance in mycoplasma microorganisms, designing effective and novel drugs / therapeutic targets: current knowledge and futuristic prospects. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 13(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.13.1.

  • Yatoo M.I., Parraya, O.R., Muheet, Nazir, Q.U., Haq, A.U., Malik, H.U., Fazilli, M.U.R., Gopalakrishnan, A., Thiaucourt, F., Ozdemir, O., Dhama, K. 2019d. Vaccine candidates of Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumonia (Mccp): Novel approaches. (Unpublished).

  • Zhao, P., He, Y., Chu, Y.F., Gao, P.C., Zhang, X., Zhang, N.Z., Zhao, H.Y., Zhang, K.S., Lu, Z.X., 2012. Identification of novel immunogenic proteins in Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strain M1601. Journal of Veterinary and Medical Science, 74, 1109–1115.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the support and assistance of the authorities of Sher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K) especially the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Shuhama and Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Nyoma (Changthang) for this research work. Hospitality of Changpas is highly acknowledged.

Funding

This study received financial support from the Science and Engineering Research Board-Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (SERB-DST) under SERB-DST project (EMR/2016/004929).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India

    Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo, Oveas Raffiq Parray, Riyaz Ahmed Bhat, Mujeeb ur Rehman Fazili, Raja Wasim Yousuf & Noor Alam Tufani

  2. Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar, SKUAST-Kashmir, 190006, India

    Muheet Mir & Hamid Ullah Malik

  3. Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar, SKUAST-Kashmir, 190006, India

    Sabia Qureshi

  4. Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar, SKUAST-Kashmir, 190006, India

    Masood Salim Mir

  5. Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243422, India

    Kuldeep Dhama

  6. Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA

    Shah Tauseef Bashir

Authors
  1. Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Oveas Raffiq Parray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muheet Mir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Riyaz Ahmed Bhat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hamid Ullah Malik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mujeeb ur Rehman Fazili
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sabia Qureshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Masood Salim Mir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Raja Wasim Yousuf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Noor Alam Tufani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Kuldeep Dhama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Shah Tauseef Bashir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Ethical clearance

This study is approved by Institute Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) vide Order No. AU/FVSc/PS-57/4298–99, dated: 24-07-2017.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yatoo, M.I., Parray, O.R., Mir, M. et al. Comparative evaluation of different therapeutic protocols for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Himalayan Pashmina goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 51, 2127–2137 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-01913-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-01913-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation