Skip to main content
Log in

Wear Resistance of Coated SAE 305 Aluminum Alloy Under Dry Friction Reciprocate Sliding

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Tribology Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work investigates the influence of two coatings on the wear resistance of the SAE 305 aluminum alloy. This material is widely used in power transmission components, and improvement in its surface properties can lead to remarkable impacts in the energy sector. The tested treatments are: (1) anodization and (2) diamond-like carbon coating. Dry friction reciprocate sliding tests using a sphere-on-plane configuration are presented. The untreated reference surface and both treatments are evaluated regarding their roughness, hardness, coefficient of friction, wear rate and morphology. The surface analyzes were carried out using confocal laser and SEM techniques. In comparison with the reference, the diamond-like carbon coating showed a significantly higher wear resistance, whereas the anodization process showed only a minor improvement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sabatini, G., Ceschini, L., Martini, C., Williams, J.A., Hutchings, I.M.: Improving sliding and abrasive wear behaviour of cast A356 and wrought AA7075 aluminium alloys by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Mater. Des. 31, 816–828 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Malayoglu, U., Tekin, K.C., Malayoglu, U., Shrestha, S.: An investigation into the mechanical and tribological properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation and hard-anodized coatings on 6082 aluminum alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. 528, 7451–7460 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tseng, C.C., Lee, J.L., Kuo, T.H., Kuo, S.N., Tseng, K.H.: The influence of sodium tungstate concentration and anodizing conditions on microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings for aluminum alloy. Surf. Coat. Technol. 206, 3437–3443 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Rawlins, C.B.: EPRI Transmission Line Reference Book: Wind-Induced Conductor Motion (Orange Book). Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Azevedo, C.R.F., Henriques, A.M.D., Pulino Filho, A.R., Ferreira, J.L.A., Araújo, J.A.: Fretting fatigue in overhead conductors: rig design and failure analysis of a grosbeak aluminium cable steel reinforced conductor. Eng. Fail. Anal. 16, 136–151 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Steier, V.F., Badibanga, R.K., Da Silva, C.R.M., Nogueira, M.M., Araújo, J.A.: Effect of chromium nitride coatings and cryogenic treatments on wear and fretting fatigue resistance of aluminum. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 116, 322–329 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Holmberg, K., Matthews, A.: Coatings Tribology—Properties, Techniques and Applications in Surface Engineering. Elsevier Tribology Series, Amsterdam (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Burakowiski, T., Wierzchón, T.: Surface Engineering of Metals—Principles, Equipment and Technologies. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Henley, V.F.: Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cirik, E., Genel, K.: Effect of anodic oxidation on fatigue performance of 7075–T6 alloy. Surf. Coat. Technol. 202, 5190–5201 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Pritchard, C., Robinson, P.R.: Abrasion resistance of hard anodized aluminum. Wear 13, 361–368 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Campbell, W.J.: Anodic finishes for wear resistance. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Anodizing (Nottingham, 1961), pp. 137–149. Aluminium Federation, London (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Voevodin, A.A., Yerokhin, A.L., Lyubimov, V.V., Donley, M.S., Zabinski, J.S.: Characterization of wear protective Al-Si-0 coatings formed on Al-based alloys by micro-arc discharge treatment. Surf. Coat. Technol. 86–87, 516–521 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Robertson, J.: Diamond-like amorphous carbon. Mater. Sci. Eng. 37, 129–281 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Sánches-Lópes, J., Donnet, C., Loubet, J.L., Belin, M., Grill, A., Patel, V., Jahnes, C.: Tribological and mechanical properties of diamond-like carbon prepared by high-density plasma. Diam. Relat. Mater. 10, 1063–1069 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Vetter, J., Barbezat, G., Crummenauer, J., Avissar, J.: Surface treatment selections for automotive applications. Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 1062–1968 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Pagnoux, G., Fouvry, S., Peigney, M., Delattre, B., Mermaz-Rollet, G.: A model for single asperity perturbation on lubricated sliding contact with dlc-coated solids. Tribol. Int. 82, 423–430 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hutchings, I.M.: Tribology—Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials. Edward Arnold, New York (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hauert, R.: An overview on the tribological behavior of diamond-like carbon in technical and medical applications. Tribol. Int. 37, 991–1003 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Bhowmick, S., Banerji, A., Khan, M.Z.U., Lukitsch, M.J., Alpas, A.T.: High temperature tribological behavior of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) and fluorinated ta-C coatings against aluminum alloys. Surf. Coat. Technol. 284, 14–25 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Forsich, C., Dipolt, C., Heim, D., Mueller, T., Gebeshuber, A., Holecek, R., Lugmair, C.: Potential of thick a-C:H: Si films as substitute for chromium plating. Surf. Coat. Technol. 241, 86–92 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kreines, L., Halperin, G., Etsion, I., Varenberg, M., Hoffman, A., Akhvlediani, R.: Fretting wear of thin diamond films deposited on steel substrates. Diam. Relat. Mater. 13, 1731–1739 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Miao, W.F., Laughlin, D.E.: A differential scanning calorimetry study of aluminum alloy 6111 with different pre-aging treatments. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 19, 201–203 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Belin, M., Martin, J.M.: Triboscopy, a new approach to surface degradations of thin films. Wear 156, 151–160 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Belin, M., Lopez, J., Martin, J.M.: Triboscopy, a quantitative tool for the study of wear of a coated material. Surf. Coat. Technol. 70, 27–31 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. De Mello, J.D.B., Gonçalves, J.L., Costa, H.L.: Influence of surface texturing and hard chromium coating on the wear of steels used in cold rolling mill rolls. Wear 302, 1295–1309 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Gee, M.G., Gant, A.J., Hutchings, I.M., Kusano, Y., Schiffman, K., Acker, K.V., Poulat, S., Gachon, Y., Stebut, J.V., Hatto, P., Plint, G.: Results from an interlaboratory exercise to validate the micro-scale abrasion test. Wear 259, 27–35 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gahr, K.H.Z.: Wear by hard particles. Tribol. Int. 31, 587–596 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hanief, M., Wani, M.F.: Effect of surface roughness on wear rate during running-in of En31-steel: model and experimental validation. Mater. Lett. 176, 91–93 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Wang, Z., Zhou, Q.: Applying a population growth model to simulate wear of rough surfaces during running-in. Wear 294–295, 356–363 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Gahr, K.H.Z.: Modelling of two-body abrasive wear. Wear 124, 87–103 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Guezmil, M., Bensalah, W., Khalladi, A., Elleuch, K., Depetris-Wery, M., Ayedi, H.F.: Friction coefficient and microhardness of anodized aluminum alloys under different elaboration conditions. Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. 25, 1950–1960 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Stachowiak, G.W.: Wear—Materials, Mechanisms and Practice. Wiley, London (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Horng, J.H., Len, M.L.: The contact characteristics of rough surfaces in line contact during running-in process. Wear 253, 899–913 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Dos Santos, M.B., Costa, H.L., De Mello, J.D.B.: Potentiality of triboscopy to monitor friction and wear. Wear 332–333, 1134–1144 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Costa, H.L., Oliveira Júnior, M.M., De Mello, J.D.B.: Effect of debris size on the reciprocating sliding wear of aluminium. Wear 376–377, 1399–1410 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Sherrington, I., Hayhurst, P.: Silmultaneos observation of the evolution of debris density and friction coefficient in dry sliding steel contacts. Wear 249, 182–187 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sheasby, J.S., Vandergeest, J.H.: Debris control in dry wear testing. Wear 73, 283–294 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Viáfara, C.C., Sinatora, A.: Unlubricated sliding friction and wear of steels: an evaluation of the mechanism responsible for the T1 wear regime transition. Wear 271, 1689–1700 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Adachi, K., Hutchings, I.M.: Wear-mode mapping for the micro-scale abrasion test. Wear 255, 23–29 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Sedriks, A.J., Mulhearn, T.O.: Mechanics of cutting and rubbing in simulates abrasive process. Wear 6, 457–466 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Gooddard, J., Wilman, H.: A theory of friction and wear during the abrasion of metals. Wear 2, 114–135 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Da Silva, W.M., Costa, H.L., De Mello, J.D.B.: Transitions in abrasive wear mechanisms: effect of the superimposition of interactions. Wear 271, 977–986 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Adachi, K., Hutchings, I.M.: Sensitivity of wear rates in the micro-scale abrasion test to test conditions and material hardness. Wear 258(1–4), 318–321 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Trezona, R.I., Allsopp, D.N., Hutchings, I.M.: Transitions between two-body and three-body abrasive wear: influence of tests conditions in the microscale abrasive wear test. Wear 225–229, 205–214 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Gomez, V.A.O., de Macêdo, M.C.S., Souza, R.M., Scandian, C.: Effect of abrasive particle size distribution on the wear rate and wear mode in micro-scale abrasive wear tests. Wear 328–329, 563–568 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM) for the deposition of the DLC coatings. We also thank Capes/Brazil for partially funding this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. S. T. Pires.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pires, M.S.T., Doca, T., Steier, V.F. et al. Wear Resistance of Coated SAE 305 Aluminum Alloy Under Dry Friction Reciprocate Sliding. Tribol Lett 66, 57 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-018-1000-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-018-1000-7

Keywords

Navigation