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Mixed phosphine/N-heterocyclic carbene–palladium complexes: synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and application in the Sonogashira reaction in aqueous media

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Abstract

A series of 2-hydroxyethyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)PdX2PPh3 complexes have been synthesized by substitution of the pyridine or 3-chloropyridine ligand in (NHC)PdX2(pyridine/3-chloropyridine) complexes with triphenylphosphine. The new complexes were characterized by 1H, 13C {1H}, 31P {1H}NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Also, the molecular and crystal structures of 1c and 1d have been obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The 2-hydroxyethyl-substituted (NHC)PdX2PPh3 complexes have been examined as catalysts for the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in water/DMF solvent mixtures.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Dokuz Eylül University for the use of the Oxford Rigaku Xcalibur Eos Diffractometer (purchased under University Research Grant No: 2010.KB.FEN.13). The authors thank the İnönü University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry for the spectroscopy data and İnönü University Scientific and Technology Center for the elemental analyses of the compounds.

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Correspondence to Aydın Aktaş.

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Aktaş, A., Erdemir, F., Barut Celepci, D. et al. Mixed phosphine/N-heterocyclic carbene–palladium complexes: synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and application in the Sonogashira reaction in aqueous media. Transit Met Chem 44, 229–236 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11243-018-0286-5

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