Abstract
Interactions between circadian clock regulation and metabolic responses are believed to explain the importance of rhythmic behavior in plant growth and survival. Lippia alba is an important species because of the medicinal properties of its essential oil extract. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of photoperiod on anatomy, growth, essential oil profile, and the expression of genes related to the synthesis of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and the circadian clock in L. alba grown in vitro. The plants were cultured in vitro under different photoperiods (4, 8, 16, and 24 h of light) and irradiance of 41 μmol m−2 s−1. After 40 days of culture, results showed that L. alba presented high physiological plasticity under different photoperiods, with improved performance when exposed to continuous light. The best growth; anatomical organization of the mesophyll, stem, roots, and bundles; amount of photosynthetic pigments; photosynthetic rate; and protein synthesis occurred under a photoperiod of 24 h. The biosynthesis of linalool, the major compound, was increased under the 24-h photoperiod, possibly due to reduced geraniol synthesis. These findings allow a better understanding of how photoperiod acts in the regulation of primary and secondary metabolism, and especially with regard to the composition of essential oils.
Key message
Photoperiod modulates primary metabolism, growth, morphoanatomy, photosynthesis, and essential oil content in the medicinal plant Lippia alba cultured in vitro under 4, 8, 16 or 24 h of light.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, DF, Brazil; grants 432412/2016-6 and 313740/2017-8 to LFV), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior, CAPES, DF, Brazil; Finance Code 001), for financial support. Dr. Roberto Fontes Vieira (Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia—Embrapa/Cenargen, Brasília, DF, Brazil) is also acknowledged for providing the Lippia alba accession. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.
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KMC, DSB and WCO conceived and designed the experiments; KMC, TDS, EAF and SHSF performed the experiments, collected and analyzed the data; KMC, TDS, EAF, SHSF and RMJS performed the anatomical, physiological and biochemical analyses; LSQN, VRC and RMG carried out the microextraction and qualitative analysis of essential oils; DSB performed the gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR; KMC and DSB performed the statistical analysis; KMC, DSB, AMF, RMG, LFV and WCO contributed to the interpretation of the research and to the writing of the paper. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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de Castro, K.M., Batista, D.S., Fortini, E.A. et al. Photoperiod modulates growth, morphoanatomy, and linalool content in Lippia alba L. (Verbenaceae) cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 139, 139–153 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01672-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01672-w