Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis

, Volume 45, Issue 4, pp 516–528 | Cite as

Thrombosis in Philadelphia negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms: a narrative review on epidemiology, risk assessment, and pathophysiologic mechanisms

  • Somedeb Ball
  • Kyaw Zin Thein
  • Abhishek Maiti
  • Kenneth Nugent
Article
First Online:

Abstract

Thrombosis is common in cancer patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are common malignancies in elderly individuals and are known for a high incidence of thrombotic complications. Different risk factors have been identified in studies, and risk models have been developed to identify patients with MPN at higher risk for thrombosis. Several pathophysiological mechanisms help explain the increased likelihood of thrombosis in these patients. Factors, such as leukocyte and platelet activation leading to the formation of leukocyte–platelet aggregates, activation of the coagulation cascade by microparticles, high levels of inflammatory cytokines, and endothelial dysfunction have a crucial role in thrombosis in MPN patients. Recent studies have demonstrated a significant association between the allele burden of specific genetic mutations (mainly JAK2V617F) associated with MPN and the incidence of thrombotic events, thus suggesting a possible role for these mutations in thrombogenesis.

Keywords

Myeloproliferative neoplasm Venous thromboembolism Essential thrombocythemia JAK2V617F mutation Leukocyte activation Microparticles 
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Notes

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • Somedeb Ball
    • 1
    • 3
  • Kyaw Zin Thein
    • 1
  • Abhishek Maiti
    • 2
  • Kenneth Nugent
    • 1
  1. 1.Texas Tech. University Health Sciences CenterLubbockUSA
  2. 2.University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUSA
  3. 3.Department of Internal MedicineTexas Tech. University Health Sciences CenterLubbockUSA

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