Geothermal heat exchangers buried in diaphragm walls as an alternative of renewable energy sources can be quite competitive with shallow geothermal resources. The thermal response of a diaphragm wall embedded in the sand foundation under thermomechanical coupling conditions was followed in laboratory centrifuge tests. The model of exchanger tubes enclosed in the diaphragm wall embedded in the sand foundation accounts for lateral loading on the wall simulated by 1 and 50g acceleration conditions in the centrifuge. Thermal loading, mechanical unloading, and thermomechanical coupling tests were carried out separately. The temperature, deformation, and soil pressure on the wall were monitored. The deformation and thermal stress along the cantilever wall were verified by numerical simulation. The thermal stress on the wall was revealed to be larger than the excavation-induced one. The maximum thermal stress was observed near the bottom of the wall. Though the wall was embedded in surrounding soil, heating caused accumulation of thermal stresses induced by temperature variations, which should be seriously considered in the heat exchanger design for cantilever walls of building structures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Brandl, “Energy foundations and other thermo-active ground structures,” Geotechnique, 56, No. 2, 81–122 (2006).
C. C. Xia, M. Sun, G. Z. Zhang, et al., “Experimental study on geothermal heat exchangers buried in diaphragm walls,” Energ. Buildings, 52, 50–55 (2012).
Y. Hamada, H. Saitoh, M. Nakamura, et al., “Field performance of an energy pile system for space heating,” Energ. Buildings, 39, No. 5, 517–524 (2007).
L. Laloui, M. Moreni, and L. Vulliet, “Comportement d’un pieu bi-fonction, fondation et échangeur de chaleur,” Rev. Can. Geotechnique, 40, 388–402 (2003).
M. A. Stewart and J. S. McCartney, “Centrifuge modeling of soil-structure interaction in energy foundations,” J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 140, No. 4, 04013044 (2014), doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001061.
J. C. Goode III, M. Zhang, and J. S. McCartney, “Centrifuge modelling of energy foundations in sand,” in: C. Gaudin and D. White (Eds.), Physical Modelling in Geotechnics (Proc. of the 8th Int. Conf. on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, January 14–17, 2014, Perth, Australia), CRC Press (2014), pp. 729–735.
C. W. W. Ng, C. Shi, A. Gunawan, and L. Laluoi, “Centrifuge modelling of energy piles subjected to heating and cooling cycles in clay,” Geotech. Lett., 4, No. 4, 310–316 (2014).
C. W. W. Ng, C. Shi, A. Gunawan, et al., “Centrifuge modelling of heating effects on energy pile performance in saturated sand,” Can. Geotech. J., 52, No. 8, 1045–1057 (2015).
C. Savvidou, “Centrifuge modelling of heat transfer in soil,” in: J.-F. Corté (Ed.), Centrifuge 88 (Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Geotechnical Centrifuge Modelling, April 25–27, 1988, Paris), Balkema, Rotterdam (1988), pp. 583–591.
R. N. Taylor, Geotechnical Centrifuge Technology, CRC Press, London (2004).
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the funding provided by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (51774021), and the ‘Geo-energy systems simulator: from building scale to city scale’ of the Low Carbon Energy University Alliance of Tsinghua–Cambridge University–MIT LCEUA (20123010002). The first author gratefully acknowledges the financial support from China Scholarship Council (201706465003).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 72 – 79, January – February, 2019.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
You, S., Zhang, C.H., Cheng, X.H. et al. Centrifuge Simulation of the Thermal Response of a Dry Sand-Embedded Diaphragm Wall. Strength Mater 51, 62–68 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-019-00050-3
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-019-00050-3