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Ground Compatibility Tests for Gravity Measurement of SELENE: Accuracies of Two- and Four-Way Doppler and Range Measurements

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Abstract

The Japanese lunar mission Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) was launched in September 2007 and continued its mission until June 2009, when the main orbiter impacted with the surface of the Moon. SELENE consisted of three satellites: Main, Rstar, and Vstar. Rstar’s tasks were to forward up-link signals from the Usuada Deep Space Center (UDSC) to Main, and to down-link returning signals from Main to UDSC. We refer to this tracking sub-system as a four-way Doppler measurement. In contrast, conventional tracking systems between Rstar and UDSC as well as between Main and ground stations are referred to as two-way Doppler and range measurements. Using Main and Rstar, we successfully observed the gravity field over the farside of the Moon. Because four-way Doppler measurements via a relay sub-satellite were a fundamental experiment in space for Japanese space agencies, compatibility of radiometric instruments onboard Main and Rstar to UDSC were carefully examined at the UDSC using components manufactured for flight models. These tests not only proved the feasibility of the four-way Doppler measurements but also provided biases and variations of the four-way Doppler and two-way Doppler and range measurements that were later taken into account during the processing of tracking data and the analysis of the lunar global gravity field.

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Author notes

  1. Nobuyuki Kawano

    Present address: Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0016, Japan

    Noriyuki Namiki

  2. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan

    Takahiro Iwata, Zen’ichi Yamamoto, Koji Tanaka & Mitsuo Yamada

  3. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Oshu, Iwate, 023-0861, Japan

    Nobuyuki Kawano, Kazuyoshi Asari, Hirotomo Noda, Yusuke Kono, Hideo Hanada, Koji Matsumoto & Sander Goossens

  4. NEC Corporation, 1-10 Nisshin-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8501, Japan

    Fumio Fuke

  5. JSPEC, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan

    Naoki Tateno

  6. NEC Engineering, Ltd., 5-22-5 Sumiyoshi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8502, Japan

    Yukihiro Yahagi

Authors
  1. Noriyuki Namiki
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  2. Takahiro Iwata
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  3. Nobuyuki Kawano
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  4. Fumio Fuke
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  6. Kazuyoshi Asari
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Correspondence to Noriyuki Namiki.

Additional information

Fumio Fuke passed away on 14 November 2007.

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Namiki, N., Iwata, T., Kawano, N. et al. Ground Compatibility Tests for Gravity Measurement of SELENE: Accuracies of Two- and Four-Way Doppler and Range Measurements. Space Sci Rev 154, 103–121 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-010-9682-7

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