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Table 3 Conditional fixed effects logit estimates of the probability of living a happiest year in life by gender

From: The Best Years of Older Europeans’ Lives

  Men Women
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Coefficient estimates Avg. semi elasticity Coefficient estimates Avg. semi elasticity
Age
15–19 0.200*** 0.281*** 0.267*** 0.266*** 0.222*** 0.527*** 0.353*** 0.344*** 0.355*** 0.282***
  (0.058) (0.067) (0.067) (0.067) (0.056) (0.044) (0.050) (0.050) (0.051) (0.040)
20–24 1.337*** 0.897*** 0.873*** 0.873*** 0.729*** 2.446*** 0.942*** 0.972*** 0.991*** 0.788***
  (0.063) (0.080) (0.080) (0.081) (0.068) (0.049) (0.061) (0.062) (0.063) (0.050)
25–29 2.627*** 1.017*** 1.036*** 1.037*** 0.865*** 3.757*** 1.189*** 1.328*** 1.354*** 1.076***
  (0.075) (0.093) (0.093) (0.095) (0.079) (0.058) (0.071) (0.072) (0.074) (0.059)
30–34 3.182*** 1.047*** 1.156*** 1.158*** 0.966*** 3.892*** 1.102*** 1.336*** 1.368*** 1.088***
  (0.089) (0.106) (0.107) (0.109) (0.091) (0.069) (0.082) (0.083) (0.085) (0.068)
35-39 3.070*** 0.847*** 1.006*** 1.008*** 0.841*** 3.602*** 0.871*** 1.149*** 1.189*** 0.946***
  (0.104) (0.120) (0.121) (0.124) (0.103) (0.081) (0.093) (0.095) (0.098) (0.078)
40–44 2.835*** 0.692*** 0.878*** 0.881*** 0.735*** 3.299*** 0.656*** 0.965*** 1.014*** 0.806***
  (0.120) (0.135) (0.136) (0.139) (0.116) (0.093) (0.105) (0.107) (0.110) (0.088)
45–49 2.656*** 0.623*** 0.808*** 0.811*** 0.677*** 3.008*** 0.492*** 0.798*** 0.855*** 0.680***
  (0.135) (0.150) (0.152) (0.156) (0.130) (0.106) (0.118) (0.120) (0.124) (0.098)
50–54 2.439*** 0.524*** 0.722*** 0.726*** 0.606*** 2.728*** 0.388*** 0.691*** 0.756*** 0.601***
  (0.152) (0.166) (0.168) (0.172) (0.144) (0.118) (0.131) (0.133) (0.137) (0.109)
55–59 2.251*** 0.471*** 0.654*** 0.659*** 0.550*** 2.464*** 0.307** 0.566*** 0.640*** 0.509***
  (0.168) (0.182) (0.184) (0.190) (0.159) (0.131) (0.144) (0.147) (0.152) (0.121)
60–64 2.234*** 0.574*** 0.716*** 0.722*** 0.603*** 2.149*** 0.200 0.435*** 0.519*** 0.413***
  (0.186) (0.201) (0.203) (0.209) (0.174) (0.145) (0.159) (0.162) (0.167) (0.133)
65–69 1.977*** 0.342 0.453** 0.460** 0.384** 1.753*** 0.050 0.253 0.347* 0.276*
  (0.204) (0.221) (0.223) (0.230) (0.192) (0.160) (0.175) (0.178) (0.184) (0.146)
70–74 1.598*** 0.119 0.225 0.232 0.194 1.322*** −0.075 0.111 0.213 0.169
  (0.224) (0.241) (0.243) (0.251) (0.209) (0.175) (0.191) (0.194) (0.201) (0.160)
75–80 1.281*** −0.017 0.117 0.125 0.105 0.791*** −0.307 −0.133 −0.025 −0.020
  (0.249) (0.267) (0.270) (0.278) (0.232) (0.195) (0.213) (0.216) (0.224) (0.178)
Socio-demographic
Cohabiting with a partner   2.226*** 2.135*** 2.135*** 1.782***   2.378*** 2.294*** 2.298*** 1.827***
   (0.033) (0.034) (0.034) (0.029)   (0.024) (0.025) (0.025) (0.020)
One child   1.480*** 1.446*** 1.446*** 1.207***   2.205*** 2.161*** 2.160*** 1.717***
   (0.038) (0.041) (0.041) (0.034)   (0.031) (0.033) (0.033) (0.027)
Two children   1.321*** 1.314*** 1.314*** 1.097***   1.879*** 1.857*** 1.857*** 1.476***
   (0.040) (0.042) (0.042) (0.035)   (0.034) (0.036) (0.036) (0.028)
Three or more children   1.344*** 1.363*** 1.364*** 1.139***   1.687*** 1.667*** 1.669*** 1.327***
   (0.050) (0.051) (0.051) (0.043)   (0.041) (0.043) (0.043) (0.034)
Years of schooling   −0.003 −0.002 −0.002 −0.002   0.057*** 0.055*** 0.054*** 0.043***
   (0.010) (0.010) (0.010) (0.008)   (0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.006)
Student   −0.294*** −0.245*** −0.244*** −0.203***   0.263*** 0.279*** 0.284*** 0.226***
   (0.061) (0.062) (0.062) (0.051)   (0.050) (0.050) (0.051) (0.040)
Unemployment   −0.739*** −0.708*** −0.707*** −0.590***   −0.291*** −0.253*** −0.253*** −0.201***
   (0.089) (0.090) (0.090) (0.075)   (0.066) (0.068) (0.068) (0.054)
Retired   0.110** 0.166*** 0.167*** 0.139***   0.073** 0.040 0.034 0.027
   (0.044) (0.044) (0.044) (0.037)   (0.032) (0.033) (0.033) (0.026)
Other inactive status   −0.694*** −0.564*** −0.564*** −0.471***   −0.063*** −0.040* −0.039* −0.031*
   (0.043) (0.044) (0.044) (0.036)   (0.022) (0.022) (0.022) (0.018)
Family and life events           
Year start own household    0.502*** 0.555*** 0.463***    0.366*** 0.717*** 0.570***
    (0.058) (0.041) (0.034)    (0.047) (0.033) (0.026)
Child birth    0.555*** −0.861*** −0.719***    0.717*** −0.867*** −0.689***
    (0.041) (0.234) (0.195)    (0.033) (0.161) (0.128)
Death of a child    −0.861*** −0.710*** −0.593***    −0.867*** −0.634*** −0.504***
    (0.234) (0.229) (0.191)    (0.161) (0.112) (0.089)
Death of partner    −0.710*** 0.502*** 0.419***    −0.635*** 0.365*** 0.290***
    (0.229) (0.058) (0.049)    (0.112) (0.047) (0.037)
Episode of illness    −0.781*** −0.781*** −0.652***    −0.584*** −0.583*** −0.464***
    (0.037) (0.037) (0.031)    (0.028) (0.028) (0.023)
Episode of financial hardship    −0.079** −0.079** −0.066**    −0.290*** −0.288*** −0.229***
    (0.037) (0.037) (0.031)    (0.028) (0.028) (0.022)
Episode of stress    −0.868*** −0.868*** −0.725***    −1.303*** −1.303*** −1.036***
    (0.030) (0.030) (0.025)    (0.023) (0.023) (0.018)
Institutionalized    −1.053*** −1.046*** −0.873***    −0.610*** −0.604*** −0.480***
    (0.191) (0.192) (0.160)    (0.141) (0.141) (0.112)
Episode of hunger    −1.235*** −1.237*** −1.032***    −1.151*** −1.148*** −0.913***
    (0.209) (0.210) (0.175)    (0.144) (0.145) (0.115)
Disposessed due to persecution    0.153 0.162 0.135    0.218 0.242 0.192
    (0.596) (0.597) (0.498)    (0.606) (0.608) (0.483)
Country context           
Log(per capita GDP)     −0.015 −0.012     −0.125** −0.099**
     (0.069) (0.057)     (0.055) (0.044)
War period     −0.335 −0.280     −0.628*** −0.499***
     (0.214) (0.179)     (0.140) (0.112)
Individual fixed effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Time: 5.year dummies Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Individuals 7,514 7,514 7,514    9,808 9,808 9,808   
Observations 157,494 157,494 157,494        
  1. Reported values are conditional logit estimates with standard errors in parentheses. Columns [5] reports average semi-elasticities (and standard errors) for dummy variables, in addition to continuous variables, and average elasticities for logged variables. These estimates are computed as in Kemp and Santos Silva (2016) by using the STATA routine –aextlogit–. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01
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